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Harrods (Olivetti) Typewriter Serial Numbers Harrods (Olivetti) Typewriter Serial Numbers for all Harrods (Olivetti) typewriter models. Harrods (Olivetti) Typewriter Serial Numbers for models: Harrods (Olivetti) MP1 2021-12-2 05:22 Look up Harrods (Olivetti) Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Harrods (Olivetti) typewriter models: Harrods (Olivetti) MP1 Find out how old your typewriter is. Look up Harrods (Olivetti) Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Harrods (Olivetti) typewriter models: Harrods (Olivetti) MP1

Harrods (Olivetti) Typewriter Serial Numbers

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Also known as Brand: OlivettiHarrods (Olivetti)Hispano-OlivettiIndex (Olivetti)IvriahMonta (Olivetti)Montgomery Ward (Olivetti)Olivetti-UnderwoodPrivileg (Olivetti)Scheidegger (Olivetti)

Serial Number Table Last Edited: 12/2/21 05:22
NOTE: dates shown are JAN 1 unless noted, so the serial number shown is the *first* serial number produced the given year. Exceptions are serial numbers preceded by "up to"(where you can assume that the numbers reported in that subsection are DECEMBER 31, END OF YEAR NUMBERS) or rows where a month is given in the month column. If the serial number is shown as a range (xxxx-xxxx) it indicates that we know the entire range of serial numbers for the given year.

Olivetti          
Platen Diameter       Model Diaspron 82, Lexikon Electric, Studio 44, M20, M40, Lexikon 80: 1.622" (41.2mm)
Model Studio 42: 1.429" (36.3mm)
Model MP1, Lettera 22: 1.259" (32mm)
24
        Ing. C. Olivetti & Co., S.p.A., Ivrea, Italy  
        NOTE: After 1978 the Olivetti system of serialising machines was changed so that they were no longer necessarily in chronological order and therefore no serial numbers are available for 1979 or later. 30
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.
Standard Manual (M1)       From 1911 to 1926, the first two numbers indicate the year of production. M1 and M20 follow same numeration. 33
up to 5580 1911 12 31   4,7
12513 1912 12 31   10
13- 1913       33
14- 1914       33
15- 1915       33
16- 1916       33
17- 1917       33
18- 1918       33
195499 1914 12 31   33
           
Model M 20          
206931 1920 12 31 started 1920 13,24,33
219940 1921 12 31   33
2213096 1922 12 31   33
2317160 1923 12 31   33
2422830 1924 12 31   33
2530500 1925 12 31   33
2639417 1926 12 31   33
49374 1927 12 31 Beyond 1926, the leading 2 digits identifying year of mfr are dropped. 33
61144 1928 12 31   33
73432 1929 12 31   33
84919 1930 12 31   33
85796 1931 12 31   33
86486 1932 12 31   33
87179 1933 12 31   33
           
Model M 21          
up to 9900 1921       4,13,24
           
Model M 22          
up to 13100 1922       13,24
           
Model M 23          
17100 1923       13,24
           
Model M 24          
up to 22883 1924       10,24
           
Model M 25          
up to 30500 1925       13,24
39400 1926       13,24
49300 1927       13,24
61000 1928       13,24
73000 1929       13,24
85000 1930       13,24
85790 1931       13,24
86486 1932       13,24
87179 1933       13,24
           
Model M 40          
up to 97060 1931 12 31 started 1930 4,13,24,33
107189 1932 12 31   13,24,33
116310 1933 12 31   13,24,33
128752 1934 12 31   13,24,33
145865 1935 12 31   13,24,33
159856 1936 12 31   13,24,33
181749 1937 12 31   13,24,33
201340 1938 12 31   13,24,33
220230 1939 12 31   33
258924 1940 12 31   13,24,33
293841 1941 12 31   13,24,33
322045 1942 12 31   33
363179 1943 12 31   13,24,33
389144 1944 12 31   13,24,33
411892 1945 12 31   13,24,33
521600 1946 12 31   13,24,33
556100 1947 12 31   13,24,33
587800 1948 12 31   33
591624 1949 12 31   33
592500 1950 12 31   33
           
Model 40/3 (All Models)          
400000 to 550185 1947       6,29,30
           
Model 44          
1000000 upwards 1947       6,29,30
400000 1948       6,29,30
405581 1949       6,29,30
433334 1950       6,29,30
453500 1951     (grey) 6,29,30
500000 1952       6,29,30
615000 upwards 1953       6,29,30
           
Lexikon 80          
up to 2010700 1948 12     13,24
2056000 1949 12     13,24
2115000 1950 12     13,24
2177000 1951 12     13,24
2243523 1952 12     13,24
2307014 1953 12     13,24
2380591 1954 12     13,24
2471368 1955 12     13,24
2571864 1956 12     13,24
           
Lexikon          
To 19999 1954       6,29,30
20000 1955       6,29,30
40000 1956       6,29,30
69000 1957       6,29,30
91001 1958       6,29,30
117000 to 125000 1959       6,29,30
           
Diaspron 82          
125001 1959       6,29,30
138463 1960       6,29,30
164044 1961       6,29,30
90020912 1962       6,29,30
90050339 1963       6,29,30
90076115 1964       6,29,30
90099266 1965       6,29,30
90126538 1966       6,29,30
90153438 to 90182924 1967       6,29,30
           
Linea 88          
B031823 1969       6,29,30
B088010 1970       6,29,30
B179462 1971       6,29,30
B269273 1972       30
           
Linea 98          
4002701 1972       30
4072421 1973       30
4165850 1974       30
4275429 1975       30
4305900 1976       30
4352440 1977       30
4390039 1978       30
           
Linea 98 Special          
9400112 1973       30
9405209 1974       30
9424493 1975       30
9456070 1974       30
9479380 1977       30
           
Graphika       Scottish-Built machines may follow Italian serial numbers with first numbers being 08xxxx vs. 180xxxx 34
1800001 1957 01 01   34
1804733 1958 01 01   34
1807621 1959 01 01   34
           
Portables          
           
MP 1          
up to 1790 1932 12 31   1,24,33
6890 1933 12 31   13,24,33
12800 1934 12 31   13,24,33
20182 1935 12 31   9,13,24,33
27986 1936 12 31   9,13,24,33
44227 1937 12 31   13,24,33
56130 1938 12 31   9,24,33
62000 1939 12 31   13,24
75150 1940 12 31   13,24,33
83288 1941 12 31   13,24,33
89722 1942 12 31   13,24,33
91746 1943 12 31   13,24,33
93960 1944 12 31   13,24,33
95219 1945 12 31   13,24,33
99639 1946 12 31   13,24,33
106975 1947 12 31   13,24,33
112975 1948 12 31   13,24,33
127195 1949 12 31   13,24,33
139706 1950 12 31   1,13,24,33
           
Studio 42          
504450 1938       1,24,33
514000 1939       24,33
522000 1940       24,33
534000 1941       24,33
549000 1942       24,33
561000 1943       24,33
570000 1944       24,33
578000 1945       24,33
592000 1946       24,33
609000 1947       24,33
623000 1948       24,33
640000 1949       24,33
659000 1950       24,33
677000 1951       24,33
694264 1952       1,24
           
Studio 36          
563101 1971       6
583194 1972       6
611374 1973       6
           
Studio 44      
up to 731456 1952       1,13,24
757904 1953       13,24
790754 1954       24
831234 1955       24
888718 1956       24
??? 1957-1960        
220000 1961       60
340000 1962       60
??? 1963-1964        
599576 1965       30
646487 1966       30
1003997 up 1967       30
           
Studio 45          
1210524 1968       6,29,30
1321512 1969       6,29,30,60
1495079 1970       6,29,30
1659896 1971       6,30
1773581 1972       6,30
1902159 1973       6,30
           
Studio 46          
2000000 1974       60
2140000 1975       60
           
Scribe          
S-Prefix 1950     Early name for Lettera 22, S-Prefix serial numbers in 900k and 600k range. Embossed "Olivetti" on paper table, round keytops. 150
           
Lettera 22    
up to 904000 1950     Early Lettera 22 examples have S-Prefix serials and embossed "Olivetti" on paper table and round keytops. 13,24,150
935000 1951       13,24
981223 1952       13,24
999999 1953       24
116999 1954       24
213320 1955       24
312518 1956       24
ALTERNATE and possibly erroneous data for 1954-1956 from OMEF between these lines
up to 626232 1954     Obviously, new serial numbers 6,29,30
626233 1955       6,29,30
636601 1956       6,29,30
ALTERNATE and possibly erroneous data for 1954-1956 from OMEF between these lines
650001 1957       6,29,30
698001 1958       6,29,30
724001 1959       6,29,30
752419 1960       6,29,30
784018 1961       6,29,30
1000000 1961     ALTERNATE series possibly Ivrea, no "9" prefix. 60
91027625 1962     probably Barcelona numbers with "9" prefix 6,29,30
1100000 1962     ALTERNATE series possibly Ivrea, no "9" prefix. 60
91069145 1963     probably Barcelona numbers with "9" prefix 6,29,30,60
1300000 1963     ALTERNATE series possibly Ivrea, no "9" prefix. 60
91112934 to 91123040 1964     probably Barcelona numbers with "9" prefix 6,29,30
1500000 1964     ALTERNATE series possibly Ivrea, no "9" prefix. 60
           
Lettera 25      
up to 8300000 1975       60
8380000 1976       60
9136753 1977     This is probably baloney. Inventory records don't agree at all. 30
8500000 1978       60
           
Lettera 30      
6208425 1971       6,29,30
6499310 1972       6,29,30
6980678 1973       6,29,30
           
Lettera 31 (Dora)      
04159000-04165000 1968 05     60
4195032 1969       6,29,30
5385501 1970       6,29,30
5979153 1971       6,29,30
6439495 1972       6,29,30
6980795 1973       6,29,30
??? 1974        
??? 1975        
??? 1976        
9084869 1977       30
           
Lettera 32       Ivrea Production - Italy    
2000000 - 2300000 1964       6,29,30,60
2300001 - 2600000 1965       6,29,30,60
2600001 - 2800000 1966       6,29,30,60
2800001 - 3000000 1967       6,29,30,60
3000001 - 4000000 1968     It appears that the entire 3 million range was used in 1968, but it's unlikely that a million were made. 6,30,60
4000001 - 5000000 1969     It appears that the entire 4 million range was used in 1969, but it's unlikely that a million were made. 6,30
5000001 - 5600000 1970       6,30,60
5600001 - 6100000 1971       6,30,60
6100001 - 6600000 1972       6,30,60
6981040 1973       6,30
7500000 1974     extrapolated guess  
8100000 1975     1975 documented example SN#8140630 found • extrapolated guess 60
8600000 1976     extrapolated guess 60
9100000 up 1977     Note that Lettera 32's continued to be sold up to 1980, but these appear to all have been made in 1977, and all run in the 1977 serial range. 30,60
           
Lettera 32       Barcelona Production - Spain    
9000000 - ??? 1964       60
??? - ??? 1965        
??? - ??? 1966        
??? - 1600000 1967       60
1600000 - 1800000 1968       60
1800001 - 1900000 1969       60
1900001 - ??? 1970       60
05600000 - 06100000 1971     Barcelona switches to follow Ivrea, but with leading zero. 60
06100001 - 06600000 1972       60
??? - ??? 1973        
??? - ??? 1974        
??? - ??? 1975        
??? - ??? 1976        
??? - ??? 1977     Barcelona Lettera 32's sold in 1977/80 have 1971/72 serial numbers, according to dealer records. 60
           
Lettera 32       Glasgow Production - Scotland    
??? - ??? 1980     A single Glasgow Lettera 32 was sold in 1980, serial number 12505966. No other info known. 60
           
Lettera 33/DL      
4500000 1966       60
4540000 1967       60
4580000 1968     Approximation  
4620363 1969       6,29,30
5385501 1970       6,29,30
6026339 1971       6,30
6440695 1972       6,30
6982531 1973       6,30
           
Lettera 35      
9136975 1977       30
           
Electric          
           
Lexikon 80E          
1000000 1950 01 01 Approximation.  
1004000 1951 01 01 Approximation.  
1009000 1952 01 01 Approximation.  
1015000 1953 01 01 Approximation.  
1021000 1954 01 01 Approximation.  
1028000 1955 01 01 Approximation.  
1036680 1956       6,29,30
1049636 1957       6,29,30
1062065 1958       6,29,30
1080122 1959       6,29,30
1105116 1960       6,29,30
1130422 up 1961       6,29,30
           
Olivetti 84          
4107372 1961       6,29,30
4161020 1962       6,29,30
4213497 1963       6,29,30
4228194 up 1964       6,29,30
           
Tekne 3          
27215 1965       6,29,30
107530 1966       6,29,30
155803 to 223093 1967       6,29,30
           
Tekne 4          
6501382 1965       6,29,30
6504546 1966       6,29,30
6519483 to 6539340 1967       6,29,30
           
Tekne 5 (Editor)          
6000351 1965       6,29,30
6000870 1966       6,29,30
6010785 1967       6,29,30
6017973 1968       6,29,30
6030000 1969       6,29,30
6038000 1970       6,29,30
6051000 1971       6,29,30
           
Praxis 48          
5180000 1969       6,29,30
5227000 1970       6,29,30
5283000 1971       6,29,30
5333117 1972       6,30
5374486 1973       30
5404669 1974       30
5447463 1975       30
           
Editor 3          
1300000 1970       6,29,30
1325600 1971       6,30
1396880 1972       6,30
1411752 1973       30
1433072 1974       30
1450992 1975       30
1474923 1976       30
1497064 1977       30
           
Editor 3C          
1000000 1970       6,29,30
1010916 1971       6,30
1038336 1972       6,30
1059786 1973       30
1069902 1974       30
1088421* 1975     *source actually says 1058421, but that's nonsense, so hazarded a guess that it was a typo. 30
1101799 1976       30
1109654 1977       30
           
Editor 4          
500000 1969       6,29,30
540000 1970       6,29,30
600104 1971       6,30
683309 1972       6,30
758974 1973       30
847037 1974       30
949550 1975       30
1005020 1976       30
1052126 1977       30
1126807 1978       30
           
Editor 4 Special          
9209248 1976       30
9219772 1977       30
           
Editor 4C          
6600000 1969       6,29,30
6615000 1970       6,29,30
6639834 1971       6,30
6675472 1972       6,30
6729505 1973       30
6772440 1974       30
6826924 1975       30
6857797 1976       30
6873187 1977       30
           
Editor 4C Special          
9251252 1976       30
9251407 1977       30
           
Editor 5          
6052087 1971       6,30
6063148 1972       6,30
6072857 1973       30
6080201 1974       30
6089749 1975       30
6096626 1976       30
6100785 1977       30
           
Lexicon 90          
131294 1976       30
187765 1977       30
209804 1978       30
           
Lexicon 90C          
2000124 1976       30
2027539 1977       30
2085090 1978       30
           
Lexicon 92C          
7508666 1977       30
7528081 1978       30
           
Lettera Electric          
536101 1971       30
583194 1972       30
611374 1973       30
           
Lettera 36 Electric       Manufactured by BWK (Robotron Buchungsmachinenwerk Karl-Marx-Stadt) Same as Robotron S 2020, but not same serial number sequence as Robotron. 25
1-180 1976       25
181-680 1977       25
681-7756 1978       25
7757-25735 1979       25
25736-55773 1980       25
55774-92123 1981       25
92124-122433 1982       25
127936-179525 1983       25
179526-201352 1984       25
203353-224078 1985       25
           
Lexikon 83DL (Portable Electric)          
113404 1977       30
145959 1978       30

Harrods (Olivetti) Typewriter Models: Harrods (Olivetti) MP1


Reference numbers

* Indicates source data the current list maintainer has access to. Usually it means we have a copy of the document in question, but it might be in the form of a later edition list. However, for the purposes of validation we have been able to confirm the source.

   
No. Literature
1 * Century of the Typewriter, Wilfred A. Beeching, publ. by the British Typewriter Museum, 1974, 1990, ISBN 0951679007
2 * Joan Sales,"Date your Underwood Typewriter" - Website : http://www.oocities.org/heartland/cottage/5405/serial.htm, reference to Richard Polt
(note: The source for this article was at least partially Ref. #18)
3 Allowance Sheet 1918, made available by Andrew B. Schrader
4 Ernst Martin, Die Schreibmaschine und ihre Entwicklungsgeschichte(The Typewriter and the history of it's developement), publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag and Basten International, 1920 to 1949 and reprints
5 * Darryl Rehr, Antique typewriters, by Schroeder publishing, Los Angeles, 1997, ISBN 0891457577
see: http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/book/book.html
6 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Bruce Beard, Australia
(note: this reference same as #28)
7 * "Liste der Herstellungsdaten gangbarer Schreibmaschinen" Listing of the production dates of commen typewriters), publ. by Wochenschrift für Papier, Otto Hoffmann Verlag, 1941, Berlin, copies contributed by Mr. Paul Roberts, Netherlands. Current copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
8 * Richard Polt, adapted from the book of Paul Lippman, American Typewriters: A Collector's Encyclopedia (1992) and corrected, based on a list publ. in ETCetera #4
see: http://www.aquaporin4.com/etcetera/ETC.04.pdf
9 "Fabriknummernverzeichnis" (Factory number Listing), booklet which could be purchased optionally with book reference No. 4, edition 1941, publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag, Pappenheim 1941
10 "Fabrikationsdaten von Schreibmaschinen", listing of typewriter serial numbers for dealer's, 1942 and 1935, publ. by Carl Teege Verlag, Hamburg
11 Ames Supply General Catalog from 1949
12 Information contributed by Will Davis, see : http://www.hometown.aol.com/page3.html
13 Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslaendischer Schreibmaschinen, 10 Auflage, 1955, publ. by Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg (small book, pre-owned by the Adler Werke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer, Frankfurt)
14 * Leonhard Dingwerth, Kleines Lexikon Historischer Schreibmaschinen (Small Lexicon of Historical Typewriters), publ. by Kunstgrafik Dingwerth, Eichendorffstr. 77, D-33415 Verl
15 * Office Typewriter Age List No. 26, publ. by Smith-Corona, by courtesy of Mr. Ron Fuller, Los Angeles, USA
(note: this reference same as #22)
16 * American Typewriters - A Collector's Encyclopedia by Paul Lippman, 1992, Hoboken
17 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1964, provided by Bill Wahl
18 * Remington Information Binder (The Sheridan Binder), 1950's to 1970's, provided by Richard Polt.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/09/07/in-preparation-for-an-updated-typewriter-serial-number-database-royal-portables/
19 * Interview with P. Birchmeier, Aug. 2012, reported by Georg Sommeregger.
see: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/theportabletypewriterforum/message/31895
20 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1980, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/04/22/national-office-machine-dealer-association-1972-typewriter-age-guide/
21 * VOSS Schreibmaschinen, 2012, published by Georg Sommeregger.
see: https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/VOSS.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_52.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_24_typewriter.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_klein_voss.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_privat.html
22 * Smith-Corona Age List #26, 1960, provided by Bill M.
see: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/typewriter-serial-numbers.html
and: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/moretypewriter-serial-numbers.html
23 * Shipman-Ward Office Machine Dealer's Line Book, Jan 1, 1954, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2013/01/05/shipman-ward-dealers-line-book-1954%E2%80%93part-2-age-lists/
24 * H.F.W. Schramm, Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und ausländischer Schreibmaschinen, 11th edition, Hans Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg 1962 - copy provided by Georg Sommeregger. Additional copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
25 * P. Frensel, Die Entwicklung der ehemaligen DDR-Schreibmaschinen-Produktion (einschliesslich der bis 1945 produzierten Schreibmaschinen in diesem Gebiet sowie der Produktion ab 1990), in: Schreibmaschinen- und Bureau-Zeitung, Nr. 10/1999, Nr. 11/2000, Nr. 12/2000 (originally published in: Mannheimer Hefte für Schriftvergleich, Nr. 1-2/1999) - provided by Georg Sommeregger and later by Otto Koponen
"The development of the former GDR typewriter production (including typewriters produced on its territory until 1945 and production after 1990)"
26 * "The Writing Machine (A history of the typewriter)" Michael H. Adler
27 * "Antique Typewriters from Creed to QWERTY" Michael H. Adler
28 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Dec 1973 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Peter Brill, Australia
(note: this reference same as #6)
29 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1971 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
30 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1980 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
31 * The Business Machines and Equipment Digest, publ. 1927 by Equipment-Research Corporation, copy contributed by Mark Adams.
see: http://type-writer.org/?p=2850
32 * R. Blickensderfer and P. Robert, "The Five-Pound Secretary. An Illustrated History of the Blickensderfer Typewriter", publ. 2003 by The Virtual Typewriter Museum, excerpt contributed by Georg Sommeregger.
33 * Matricolario Olivetti, copy contributed by Enrico Morozzi.
34 * Olivetti Graphika Serial Number List, compiled by Domenico Scarzello.
See: http://www.typewriterstory.com/index.php/ol-graphica
35 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1950. By Carl Teege, Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
36 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1953. Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
37 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, February 1, 1941. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
38 * Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict. Remington Standard typewriter. New York : Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict, [188-?], accessed from the Baker Library, Harvard Business School.
See: http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2574435
39 * Documented Hammond Serial Numbers, V.4 Jan. 1, 2013 through V.7 Jul 20, 2017, Compiled by Peter Weil.
40 * Blick Billheads With Serial Numbers, Compiled by Peter Weil.
41 * Olympia, USA "Allowance Sheet T-58" (approx 1977). From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
42 * IBM Typewriters Serial Numbers 1946 to 1977, Montreal Branch - IBM Canada Ltd. Contributed to Yahoo GolfBallTypewriterShop group by Jacques Coulombe.
43 * Xerox Factbook 1987
See: http://simson.net/ref/Xerox/
44 * IBM Selectric Adjustment & Parts Manual S241-5939-2
45 * Brother Service Update #31, June 20, 1985
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-datecodes-1.jpg
46 * Brother Letter #0203 (10/1979) "How to Determine In-Warranty Typewriters"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-warranty-3.jpg
47 * Brother Service Manuals and Addendums 1974-1990 "The Edsel R. Sanders Collection"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/2014/05/06/a-brotherly-bonanza/
48 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, 1977. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
49 * Brother Group Corporate Profile, 2014
See: http://download.brother.com/pub/com/en/corporate/pdf/2014/broa4_3334_en.pdf
50 * Victor Standard Typewriters, By Will Davis
See: http://web.archive.org/web/20090830084402/http:/geocities.com/wbd641/Victor.html
51 * Die historische Entwicklung des Bet riebes Optima Erfurt (2008), by Eberhard Lippmann. Contributed by Vilhelm Dromberg
52 * Corona: The Personal Writing Machine, by S. L. Johnson
See: http://www.sljohnson.net/typewriter/corona.html
53 * Standard Folding Typewriter by Richard Milton
See: http://www.portabletypewriters.co.uk/portable_typewriters_standard_folding.htm
54 * Collect Folding Coronas, by Paul Lippman
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC004.pdf?page=4
55 * Smith-Corona Parts and Service Manuals (1947-1999) lent by Bill Wahl
56 * Europe - Oliver - SIM - MAS small typewriters, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/collection/OLIVER_SIM_MAS.html
57 * The Montana line of Hermes clones, by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=3598
58 * The Hermes Baby page!, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/collection/hermes_baby.html
59 * American Digest of Business Machines, 1924. Contributed by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/ADBM1924.pdf
60 * "MTE-INV" Mesa Typewriter Exchange Stock Inventory Records 1950 to 1987. Contributed by Bill Wahl.
61 * "Mechanical Typewriters - Their History, Value, and Legacy" by Thomas A. Russo.
62 * "The IBM Model B typewriter" by IBM.
See: https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_intro.html
63 * "Remington Portables" by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/rem-portables.htm
64 * "Moskva and Janalif Research" by Alex Sandler. (plus updates)
See: https://goo.gl/I5X12b, https://goo.gl/z0tSOq, https://goo.gl/4iq9Tz http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html, http://odtype.blogspot.com/2017/02/moskva-5-6-and-7-age-lists.html
65 * "Collector's Guide to Antique Typewriters" Dan Post, Post-Era Books, 1981.
66 * "The Unknown Writing Machine" Don Sutherland in The Antique Trader, 1978.
67 * "Don't Mind My Insanity: Updated Fox Serial Numbers" by Tyler Anderson.
See: https://wordsarewinged.blogspot.com/2016/06/dont-mind-my-insanity-updated-fox.html
68 * "A Very Good Year for Adler Favorit 2's" by Robert Godlieb.
See: http://badonoer.blogspot.com/2016/01/a-very-good-year-for-adler-favorit-2s.html
69 * "FBI Forgery by Typewriter: Re-Examining the Alger Hiss Case - How Did His 1927 Woodstock Become a 1929 Model?" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/fbi-forgery-by-typewriter-re-examining.html
70 * "The Littlest Typewriters: Bennett's Bantamweights" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/littlest-typewriters-bennetts.html
71 * "Re: [TYPEWRITERS] Bennett Typewriter on Yahoo Typewriter Forum" by Thomas Furtig.
72 * "Sabb Schreibmaschine" by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/blog/2016/06/sabb-schreibmaschine/
73 * "Discovering the Studio Musicwriter" by Theodore Munk.
See: Etcetera #109 (link when available)
74 * "The Story of the Typewriter 1873-1923" Herkimer County Historical Society, 1923.
75 * "The Early History of the Typewriter" by Chas. E Weller (1918).
76 * "Old Typewriters" by Duncan James (Shire, 1993).
77 * "Williams Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson, 2016.
78 * "The History of the Typewriter" by Geo. Charles Mares (Gilbert Pitman, London, 1909).
79 * "Emerson Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson & Peter Weil, 2016.
80 * "The Emerson: The Enigma of Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-emerson-enigma-of-typewriters.html
81 * "A History of the Three-Row 'WILLIAMS' Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in Historische Bürowelt No. 21 April 1988, and No. 22 July 1988.
82 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 50-52 1922" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
83 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 6-7 1907" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
84 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 38-40 1918" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
85 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 41 1919" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
86 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 29-32 1915" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
87 * "The Victor Standard Typewriter" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-victor-standard-typewriter.html
88 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Trying to Unravel the Victor Mystery" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/11/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_6.html
89 * "The Franklin Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in ETCetera #1 October, 1987.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC001.pdf
90 * "On This Day in Typewriter History (CVI)" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2011/09/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history-cvi.html
91 * "the Garbell Portable Typewriter" by The Garbell family.
See: http://www.garbell.com/GarbellTypewriter.html
92 * "Garbell Typewriter" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/#!garbell-typewriter/us0eg
93 * "Fox Visible Typewriters - An Overview " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-visible-typewriters-overview.html
94 * "Fox Portable Typewriters and the Demise of Fox Typewriter Company " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-portable-typewriters-and-demise-of.html
95 * "The American Stationer" 1906.
96 * "The American Stationer" 1907.
97 * "Franklin Typewriter Ephemera" collected by Peter Weil, 2016.
98 * "A Bennington Letter" collected by Martin Howard.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC082.pdf
99 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 6, 1921.
100 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 7-8, 1922.
101 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 35-37 1917" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
102 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 44-46 1920" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
103 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Unearthing the Molle" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/01/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_9569.html
104 * "It's pronounced 'Mollie'" by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=4230
105 * "The Iron Age, Volume 79 - 1907".
106 * "Office Appliances Volume 36 - July 1922".
107 * "Office Appliances Volume 34 - July 1921".
108 * "The American Pocket Typewriter and Wellington Parker Kidder's Rochester" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2014/07/the-american-pocket-typewriter-and.html
109 * "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Details - The early days of the Noiseless Typewriter" by Ed Neuert.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC081.pdf
110 * "The Merritt" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2016/09/merritt.html
111 * "Yatran The Heaviest" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/09/yatran-heaviest.html
112 * "Moskva 3 and 4 age lists as of 10-2016" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html
113 * "Portable Typewriters Today - February 2015" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/02/portable-typewriters-today-february-2015.html
114 * "The Early Bar-Lock" and "Bar-Lock Typewriters - Models 4 to 15" by Bert Kerschbaumer.
See: ETCetera #98 & #114
115 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #10 - March, 1960".
116 * "AMES Supply Parts Catalog #11P - Feb., 1965".
117 * "The Amazing Masspro Portable Typewriter: 'Grandson' of the Standard Folding" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-amazing-maspro-portable-typewriter.html
118 * "Masspro Typewriter Page" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/masspro-typewriter
119 * "Carl P. Dietz Collection of Typewriters", by George Herrl, 1965.
120 * "Royal Paint Touch-Up Color List", Rev. June, 1968.
121 * "Olympia SM series (part 1, 1948-1964)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/02/olympia-sm-series-part-1-1948-1964.html
122 * "Olympia SM series (part 2, 1964-1980s)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/04/olympia-sm-series-part-2-1964-1980s.html
123 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #5 - August, 1940".
124 * "1975 Smith-Corona Model Prefix Guide", Discovered by Jonathan Kinser from Smith-Corona research.
125 * "Evolution of the Typewriter", C. V. Oden, 1917.
126 * "1912-1923 The Origins and Evolution of the Typewriter" Various Authors.
127 * "The Swedish Densmore Typewriter" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-swedish-densmore-typewriter.html
128 * "All or Nakajima" by Steve K.
See: https://etzone.org/2017/06/17/all-or-nakajima
129 * Smith-Corona Series Estimates researched by Nick Bodemer, 2017
130 * Research by Peter Weil, and ephemera from The Cornelia and Peter Weil Typewriter Archives
131 * 1963 Hermes Baby Adjustment Manual B3, from the collection of T. Munk
132 * Underwood Age List, from the collection of Tony Casillo
See: http://www.typewritercollector.com/images/underwoodagelist.pdf
133 * 1966 & 1971 Hermes 3000 Adjustment Manuals G4,G6 & 1971, from the collection of Jacques Perrier, Museum of the Typewriter, Lausanne, Switzerland
See: https://www.perrier-sa.ch/musee/boutique/
134 * "Korean Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/01/korean-typewriters.html
135 * 1985 IBM Replacement Guide Form 71K6222, supplied by Clark Hinson from the collection of Roger Brockevelt
136 * "Blickensderfer’s last hurrah as a Remington" by Mark Adams.
See: https://type-writer.org/?p=4294
137 * Blickensderfer Research by Peter Weil, 2017
138 * Etcetera #106-107
139 * "Briefly Blick-Bar" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/briefly-blick-bar.html
140 "Lexikon historischer Schreibmaschinen seit 1940" (Typewriter Lexikon since 1940) published 2008 by Leonhard Dingwerth.
141 * "Olivetti macchine per scrivere meccaniche" published 2013 by Carlo Torchio.
From the collection of Carl Hartmann via Mario Bellini
142 * "The ABC in Detail" by Will Davis and Thomas Fürtig.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/search?q=abc+in+detail
143 * "The Real Story of the Brosette Typewriter and its successor the Jaykay Portable" by Michael A. Brown.
See: http://typexnews.com/links/Brosette.pdf
144 * "A Royal Safari at Eighteen Years on the Net" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-royal-safari-at-eighteen-years-on-net.html
145 "The typewriter industry, The impact of a significant technological innovation" 1970 doctoral dissertation by George Nichols Engler, UCLA.
See: https://archive.org/details/TheTypewriterIndustry
146 * Research by Ian Brumfield
147 * Typewriter pages from Sears Catalogs: 1900-1985 From the collections of Alan Seaver (mostly), Nick Bodemer and T. Munk.
148 * "Ten Most Wanted Typewriters" by Richard Polt.
See: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-10mw.html
149 * Messa Research by Carl Hartmann.
150 * "The Dawn of the Lettera 22" by John Cooper.
See: https://atypeofmadness.com/2019/02/12/the-dawn-of-the-lettera-22
151 * "Litton Drags its Caravan Through the Typewriter Desert" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2019/03/litton-drags-its-caravan-through.html
152 * "Typewriter review: 2019 Royal Classic" by Richard Polt.
See: https://writingball.blogspot.com/2019/03/typewriter-review-2019-royal-classic.html
153 * "GENERATION 3000" by Will Davis.
See: http://www.willdavis.org/Generation3000.html
154 * "Everything New in Portable Typewriters is Old Again" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/12/everything-new-in-portable-typewriters.html
155 * "Pretentious Self-Indulgence, and Also Some Pretty Big Breakthroughs" by Ian Brumfield.
See: http://dailyclipper.retroid.xyz/2019/07/16/pretentious-self-indulgence-and-also-some-pretty-big-breakthroughs
156 "1965-1969 Royal Line Catalog" from the collection of Ian Brumfield.
157 * "Harris Visible, Rex Visible, Demountable; Name variants; Vim Visible" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/01/harris-visible-rex-visible-demountable.html
158 * "1973 NOMDA Blue Book" by National Office Machine Dealers Association.
159 * "Olympia Engineering Bulletin General-3" by ITC, Jan 1, 1969.
160 * "IDENTIFYING AND DATING ANTIQUE CALIGRAPH WRITING MACHINES Nos. 1-4" by Al Sumrall.
See: https://oldhoodooblog.wordpress.com/2020/03/20/identifying-and-dating-antique-caligraph-writing-machines-typewriters-nos-1-4/
161 * "Some Type Writers - Their Origin and Uses" By J. B. Huling in Scientific American #575 - January 8, 1887.
162 * "Typewriter, A Celebration of the Ultimate Writing Machine" by Paul Robert and Peter Weil, 2016.
163 * "The Caligraph Publications" by Paul Robert.
164 * "Magic, Maligners and Malfunctions. Part IV – the Waverley, Maskelyne, Rapid, Salter and Many More." by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2020/07/magic-maligners-and-malfunctions-part.html
165 * "Burroughs Adding Machine Company - Typewriters"
See: http://www.burroughsinfo.com/typewriters.html
166 * "Hall Typewriter Serial Numbers" by Al Sumrall
167 * LC Smith and Corona Service Bulletins (1939-1954) From the collection of T. Munk
168 * "Research on Halberg" by Theo Verkerk
See: https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157289533199678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157248994634678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157259808104678/
169 * Royal Royalite Parts Manuals 1955-1965 From the collection of T. Munk
170 * "FRISTER & ROSSMANN TYPEWRITERS"
See: https://www.fiddlebase.com/frister-rossmann/f-r-typewriters/
171 * Dial-a-Ribbon & Typing by Numbers
See: https://etzone.org/2022/05/05/dial-a-ribbon-typing-by-numbers
172 * etzone - a summary of Sharp's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/sharp-2/
173 * etzone - a summary of Canon's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/canon/
174 * etzone - a summary of Nakajima All's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/nakajima-all/
175 * "Nakajima Model 800 Typewriter: The most surprising machine of ALL" by Robert Messenger
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/07/nakajima-model-800-typewriter-most.html
176 * Établissements Japy Frères, Historique et technologie des machines à écrire, [1946]
From the collection of Georg Sommeregger