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Electromatic Typewriter Serial Numbers Electromatic Typewriter Serial Numbers for all Electromatic typewriter models. Electromatic Typewriter Serial Numbers for models: 2018-01-2 07:25 Look up Electromatic Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Electromatic typewriter models: Find out how old your typewriter is. Look up Electromatic Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Electromatic typewriter models:

Electromatic Typewriter Serial Numbers

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Also known as Brand: IBM • Commercial Controls Corporation • Electromatic • International (electric) • Lexmark

Serial Number Table Last Edited: 01/2/18 07:25
NOTE: dates shown are JAN 1 unless noted, so the serial number shown is the *first* serial number produced the given year. Exceptions are serial numbers preceded by "up to"(where you can assume that the numbers reported in that subsection are DECEMBER 31, END OF YEAR NUMBERS) or rows where a month is given in the month column. If the serial number is shown as a range (xxxx-xxxx) it indicates that we know the entire range of serial numbers for the given year.

IBM       USA-Built and WT (World Trade) serial numbers followed different patterns.
Early USA-built Selectrics only have a 7-digit serial number (4000000 and up) without any other codes. Later machines have the product code (21, 26, 27 or 30) in front of the serial number. It seems that factory codes did not appear on Selectrics made in the USA until the Selectric III was introduced (around 1981).
  
        It seems MOST WT (World Trade) machines used the following numbering pattern:
XX - YY - ZZZZZZZ
Where XX is the Factory Code
Where YY is the Model Code
Where ZZZZZZZ is the Sequence Number
However, examples exist where the serial number follows pattern YY - XX - ZZZZZZZ
USA-made Selectric III's will usually follow the pattern YY - Machine ID Code - XX - ZZZZZZZ.
For Machine ID Codes, see table below. 		 
           

Selectric Machine Identification Codes
Selectric, Type 6121 (700 Series "Selectric I") Product Code 21 44
1st Digit 7     700 Series  
2nd Digit 1     Film (carbon) Ribbon  
2nd Digit 2     Fabric Ribbon  
3rd Digit 1     8 1/2" Writing Line  
3rd Digit 3     11" Writing Line  
3rd Digit 5     13" Writing Line  
Selectric II and Correcting Selectric II, Type 6126 (800 Series) Product Code 26 44
1st Digit 8     800 Series  
2nd Digit 3     Single-Pitch Selective Ribbon  
2nd Digit 4     Single-Pitch Fabric Ribbon  
2nd Digit 5     Single-Pitch Correcting  
2nd Digit 7     Dual-Pitch Selective Ribbon  
2nd Digit 8     Dual-Pitch Fabric Ribbon  
2nd Digit 9     Dual-Pitch Correcting  
3rd Digit 3     11" Writing Line  
3rd Digit 5     13" Writing Line  
Selectric III and Correcting Selectric III, Product Code 27 44
6701       13" Writing Line, Single-Pitch Fabric Ribbon  
6702       13" Writing Line, Single-Pitch Non-Correcting  
6703       15" Writing Line, Single-Pitch Correcting  
6704       13" Writing Line, Dual-Pitch Correcting  
6705       15" Writing Line, Dual-Pitch Correcting  
96-Character Selectric Typewriter 44
1st Digit 9     900 Series  
2nd Digit 6     Single-Pitch Selective Ribbon  
2nd Digit 4     Single-Pitch Fabric Ribbon  
2nd Digit 5     Single-Pitch Correcting  
2nd Digit 1     Dual-Pitch Selective Ribbon  
2nd Digit 2     Dual-Pitch Fabric Ribbon  
2nd Digit 9     Dual-Pitch Correcting  
3rd Digit 3     11" Writing Line  
3rd Digit 5     13" Writing Line  
Selectric, Type 6251 (Selectric Composer) Product Code 30  
           

IBM Factory Codes

  • 2 Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
  • 2 Belgium
  • 8 Netherlands
  • 10 Rochester, NY, USA
  • 11 Lexington, KY, USA
  • 16 Sweden
  • 17 Switzerland
  • 26 Austin, TX, USA
  • 31 United Kingdom
  • 35 France
  • 40 Germany
  • 43 Italy
  • 44 Santa Palomba, Italy
  • 51 Montpellier
  • 58 Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 65 Dublin, Ireland 93b
  • 71 Germany
  • 78 Guadalajara, Mexico
  • 83 Dublin, Ireland 99b
  • 90 Wangaratta, Australia
  • 91 Canada
  • 92 Canada
  • 93 Canada
  • 694 United Kingdom

IBM Model Codes

  • Model Code 01-10: Electromatic/International
  • Model Code 1: Standard (used only in Netherlands and Sweden)
  • Model Code 4: Executive (used only in Netherlands and Sweden)
  • Model Code 11: Standard Model A
  • Model Code 12: Standard Model B
  • Model Code 42: Executive
  • Model Code 82: Executive w/Carbon Ribbon
  • Model Code 71: Selectric (Carbon Ribbon)
  • Model Code 72: Selectric (Fabric Ribbon)
  • Model Code 26: Selectric II
  • Model Code 27: Selectric III

USA

Canada

Belgium

France

Germany

U.K.

Italy

Netherlands

Sweden

Switzerland

Mexico
           
Platen Diameter       Model Standard & Executive A,B,C,D: 1.751" (44.5mm) 24
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

USA Production
         
Electromatic/International Models 01-10 (USA)   Black painted, thick base typebar electric.
Developed in 1923 and introduced in 1924 by North East Electric Co.
Name changed to Electromatic in 1929. Company purchased by IBM in 1933 and typewriter renamed International.
The name IBM was adopted in 1946. It is thought that the design was built using patents from the Remington Electric of 1925.		 16,62
10065 - 10411 1933 IBM acquires the tools, patents and production facilities of Electromatic Typewriters, Inc., of Rochester, N.Y. 20,22,24, 62
10412 - 11799 1934 IBM invests more than $1 million to redesign the Electromatic Typewriter, improve research facilities and establish service centers. 20,22,24, 62
11800 - 21499 1935 The IBM Electric Typewriter, Model 01 (Improved), is introduced. Customer acceptance soon makes it the first successful electric typewriter in the United States. 20,22,24, 62
21500 - 25999 1936   20,22,24
26000 - 29999 1937 The Electromatic Typewriter Model 01 (Formsholder), Model 02 (Formswriter), Model 10 (Front Feed) and Model 01 (Carbon Ribbon Model) are announced. 20,22,24, 62
30000 - 34249 1938 The Electromatic Typewriter Model 03 (Hektowriter) is announced. 20,22,24, 62
34250 - 38799 1939   20,22,24
38800 - 47299 1940 The Electromatic Typewriter Model 06 (Toll Biller) is announced. 20,22,24, 62
47300 - 61599 1941 IBM announces proportional letter spacing. [Some sources list this date as 1940] However, the war effort delays product (Model 04) introduction until 1944. Also that year, the Electromatic Typewriter Model 08 (Auto. Formswriter) and Model 09 (Manifest) are announced. 20,22,24, 62
61600 - 77449 1942   20,22,24
77450 - 80749 1943   20,22,24
80750 - 86199 1944 The IBM Electric Executive Typewriter, the first typewriter with proportional letter spacing, is introduced.
The IBM Electric Typewriter Division moves from Rochester, N.Y. to Poughkeepsie, N.Y.		 20,22,24, 62
86200 - 97849 1945   20,22,24
97850 - 145999 1946 The Chinese Typewriter and Model 04 Arabic Electric Typewriter are announced. 20,22,24, 62
146000 - 191999 1947 The Model 07 Card Stencil Typewriter is announced. 20,22,24, 62
192000 - 219960 1948 The IBM Model A Standard Electric Typewriter, which gives the typist a new feeling of comfort and control, is announced. Carriage return, back space, tabulator and shift are operated with a finger tip touch. A "multiple-copy control" ensures legible carbon copies and stencils. Also announced is the Electric Typewriter Executive Model A. [Some sources list this date as May 1949] It is available with either proportional or standard spacing. The Model A remains the staple of IBM's typewriter product line until 1954.
The Automatic Line Selector Models 01 and 06 are announced. 		20,22,24, 62
219961 - 222171 1949 The Carbon Ribbon Typewriter Model 1 is announced. 20,22,24, 62
222172 - 222721 1950 The Model A Electric Formswriter is announced. Also introduced are partial carriage return and left hand palm tab. 20,22,24, 62
222722 - up 1951 IBM rolls out the Model A Decimal Tabulation Typewriter, offering electric tabulation for statistical typing. [Some sources list this date as June 1, 1950] 20,22,24, 62
         

Model A

      
Model A Standard (USA)   Grey painted typebar electric.  
70 - 3153 1948 The IBM Model A Standard Electric Typewriter, which gives the typist a new feeling of comfort and control, is announced. Carriage return, back space, tabulator and shift are operated with a finger tip touch. A "multiple-copy control" ensures legible carbon copies and stencils. Also announced is the Electric Typewriter Executive Model A. [Some sources list this date as May 1949] It is available with either proportional or standard spacing. The Model A remains the staple of IBM's typewriter product line until 1954. 20,62
3154 - 29320 1949   20,22,24
29321 - 65525 1950 The Model A Electric Formswriter is announced. Also introduced are partial carriage return and left hand palm tab. 20,22,24, 62
65526 - 104893 1951 IBM rolls out the Model A Decimal Tabulation Typewriter, offering electric tabulation for statistical typing. [Some sources list this date as June 1, 1950] 20,22,24, 62
104894 - 146998 1952 Changeable typebars are announced. IBM begins manufacturing typewriters in pastel colors. 20,22,24, 62
146999 - 204808 1953 The Model A (Model 3) Toll Biller Typewriter debuts.
The Models 1 & 6 Electric Typewriter - right hand palm tab and Model 6 Electric Pinfeed Formswriter are introduced.		 20,22,24, 62
204809 - 214555 1954 IBM introduces in March the IBM Model B Standard Typewriter and the IBM Model B Executive Typewriter. Both machines feature cushioned carriage, electric ribbon rewind, changeable typebars, multiple copy control and pastel colors. 20,22,24, 62
         
Model A Executive (USA)      
100 - 6650 1949 IBM announced the Electric Typewriter Executive Model A. [Some sources list this date as May 1949] 20,22,24,62
6651 - 15970 1950   20,22,24
15971 - 25914 1951   20,22,24
25915 - 38930 1952 Changeable typebars are announced. IBM begins manufacturing typewriters in pastel colors. 20,22,24, 62
38931 - 54474 1953   20,22,24
54475 - 57219 1954 IBM introduces in March the IBM Model B Standard Typewriter and the IBM Model B Executive Typewriter. Both machines feature cushioned carriage, electric ribbon rewind, changeable typebars, multiple copy control and pastel colors. 20,22,24, 62
         

Model B

      
Model B Standard (USA)      
300399 - 351509 1954 IBM introduces in March the IBM Model B Standard Typewriter and the IBM Model B Executive Typewriter. Both machines feature cushioned carriage, electric ribbon rewind, changeable typebars, multiple copy control and pastel colors.
The Typedesk and form line selector are announced in May.		 20,22,24, 62,135
351510 - 426127 1955 The Electric Typewriter Division moves from Poughkeepsie to Kingston, N.Y., making it the first IBM division to have its own manufacturing, development, sales and service organization. 20,22,24, 62,135
426128 - 550541 1956 The Model B Electric Typewriter (Input-Output) is announced. IBM breaks ground for a new typewriter manufacturing facility in Lexington, Ky. 20,41,62, 135
550542 - 665117 1957 IBM begins to manufacture typewriter ribbons and carbon paper in Lexington. 20,41,62, 135
665118 - 849999 1958 The IBM Electric Typewriter Division celebrates its 25th anniversary and delivers -- in Lexington -- its one-millionth IBM typewriter.
The IBM 632 Electronic Typing Calculator with card output is announced.		 20,41,62, 135
         
Model B Executive (USA)      
100103 - 114949 1954 IBM introduces in March the IBM Model B Standard Typewriter and the IBM Model B Executive Typewriter. Both machines feature cushioned carriage, electric ribbon rewind, changeable typebars, multiple copy control and pastel colors. 20,22,24, 62,135
114950 - 134373 1955 The Electric Typewriter Division moves from Poughkeepsie to Kingston, N.Y., making it the first IBM division to have its own manufacturing, development, sales and service organization. 20,22,24, 62,135
134374 - 159331 1956 IBM breaks ground for a new typewriter manufacturing facility in Lexington, Ky. 20,41,62, 135
159332 - 187310 1957 IBM begins to manufacture typewriter ribbons and carbon paper in Lexington. 20,41,62, 135
187311 - 211739 1958 The IBM Electric Typewriter Division celebrates its 25th anniversary and delivers -- in Lexington -- its one-millionth IBM typewriter.
The IBM 632 Electronic Typing Calculator with card output is announced.		 20,41,62, 135
         

Model C

      
Model C Standard (USA)      
1000000 - 1103500 1958   20,135
1103501 - 1240100 1959 In January the IBM Model C Typewriter and the IBM Model C Executive Typewriter with 28 new features introduce more productivity enhancements, including personal touch control. A quarter million Model Cs are sold within the first 19 months. The Model C Hektowriter is announced in July. 20,62,135
1240101 - 1385100 1960 The IBM 632 Electronic Typing Calculator with paper tape output is announced. 20,30,41, 62,135
1385101 - 1500100 1961 The IBM Selectric Typewriter is unveiled in July. This product replaces typebars and the moving carriage with a spherical printing element. 20,30,41, 62,135
1500101 - 1643100 1962   20,30,41, 135
1643101 - 1780000 1963   20,30,41, 135
1780001 - 1930000 1964 To indicate more accurately the scope of its product line, the Electric Typewriter Division changes its name in August to the Office Products Division (OPD). 20,30,41, 62,135
1930001 - 2580000 1965   20,41,135
2580000 - 2760000 1966   20,41,135
2760001 - 2791783 1967   20,135
         
Model C Executive (USA)      
2000000 - 2035100 1959 In January the IBM Model C Typewriter and the IBM Model C Executive Typewriter with 28 new features introduce more productivity enhancements, including personal touch control. A quarter million Model Cs are sold within the first 19 months. 20,41,62, 135
2035101 - 2067100 1960   20,41,135
2067101 - 2097100 1961   20,41,135
2097101 - 2129100 1962   20,41,135
2129101 - 2150100 1963   20,41,135
2150101 - 2200100 1964 To indicate more accurately the scope of its product line, the Electric Typewriter Division changes its name in August to the Office Products Division (OPD). 20,41,62, 135
2200101 - 2250100 1965   20,41,135
2250101 - 2301100 1966   20,41,135
2301101 - 2312580 1967   20,135
         

Model D

  
Models » 421 (std), 821 (exe) 422 (std), 822 (exe) 423 (std), 823 (exe)
Max Paper Capacity 12.5" 16.0" 19.0"
Writing Line 12.4" 15.9" 18.9"
Total Width 18 5/8" 22 1/8" 22 1/32"
Base Width 16 5/8" 16 5/8" 16 5/8"
Depth 16 7/8" 16 7/8" 16 7/8"
Height 9 1/4" 9 1/4" 9 1/4"
Weight 48 lb. 50 lb. 52 lb.
135
Model D Standard (USA)      
6000000 - 6120100 1967 Model 821 20,41,135
6120101 - 6254100 1968 Model 821. The IBM Braille (Model D) Typewriter becomes the first powered Braille writing machine available for individual use. Its keyboard is almost identical to that of a standard typewriter. 20,41,62, 135
6254101 - 6389500 1969 Model 821 20,41,135
6389501 - 6527000 1970 Model 821. The headquarters of the Office Products Division (OPD) is moved to new and much larger space at Franklin Lakes, N.J. The new site is completed the following year. 20,41,62, 135
6527001 - 6632000 1971 Model 821 20,41,135
6632101 - 6733000 1972 Model 821 20,41,135
6733001 - 6840100 1973 Model 821 20,135
6840101 - 6930100 1974 Model 821 20,135
6930101 - 6982100 1975 Model 821 Discontinued 1/1/76 20,135
6982101 - 7012389 1976 Model 822 135
7012390 - 7037450 1977 Model 822 135
7037451 - 7056219 1978 Model 822 135
7056220 - up 1979 Model 822 Discontinued 10/1/79. 135
         
Model D Executive (USA)      
8000000 - 8296100 1967 Model 421 20,135
8296101 - 8350100 1968 Model 421 20,41,135
8350101 - 8397800 1969 Model 421 20,41,135
8397801 - 8443000 1970 Model 421. The headquarters of the Office Products Division (OPD) is moved to new and much larger space at Franklin Lakes, N.J. The new site is completed the following year. 20,41,62, 135
8443001 - 8474200 1971 Model 421 20,41,135
8474201 - 8509600 1972 Model 421. The IBM Mag Card Executive Typewriter debuts. 20,41,62, 135
8509601 - 8548800 1973 Model 421 20,135
8548801 - 8578100 1974 Model 421 20,135
8578101 - 8596900 1975 Model 421 Discontinued on 1/1/76. 20,135
8596901 - 8607400 1976 Model 422 135
8607401 - 8617610 1977 Model 422 135
8617611 - 8620989 1978 Model 422 135
8620990 - up 1979 Model 422 Discontinued 10/1/79. 135
         

Selectric

  
Models » 7x1 7x3 7x5
Max Paper Capacity 11.0" 13.5" 15.5"
Writing Line 8.5" 11.0" 13.0"
Total Width 15.3" 17.9" 19.9"
Depth 15.1" 15.1" 15.2"
Height 7.1" 7.1" 7.1"
Weight 31 lb. 35 lb. 37 lb.
Power Req. 115v 60hz 115v 60hz 115v 60hz
135
Selectric 7x1 (USA)   11" Carriage.  
4000000 - 4033101 1961 The IBM Selectric Typewriter is unveiled in July. This product replaces typebars and the moving carriage with a spherical printing element. 20,41,62, 135
4033101 - 4086100 1962   20,41,135
4086101 - 4115100 1963   20,41,135
4115101 - 4141100 1964 To indicate more accurately the scope of its product line, the Electric Typewriter Division changes its name in August to the Office Products Division (OPD).
The IBM Magnetic Tape Selectric Typewriter is announced. The MT/ST is capable of producing error-free typing at speeds of 150 words per minute (wpm).		 20,41,62, 135
4141101 - 4181100 1965   20,41,135
4181101 - 4225100 1966 The IBM Selectric Composer and Magnetic Tape Selectric Composer are introduced. 20,41,62, 135
4225101 - 4350000 1967 The IBM Paper Tape Selectric Composer is announced in May.
A second OPD plant is opened in Austin, Tex. The 200,000 square foot facility occupies 400 acres.		 20,41,62, 135
5726001 - 5773100 1968   20,41,135
5773101 - 5822200 1969 IBM announces the Mag Card Selectric Typewriter. 20,41,62, 135
5822201 - 5850000 1970 The headquarters of the Office Products Division (OPD) is moved to new and much larger space at Franklin Lakes, N.J. The new site is completed the following year. 20,41,62, 135
9400000 - 9422500 1970 Serial Number sequence change in 1970, jumps to 9,400,000 20,135
9422501 - 9473300 1971 The IBM Communicating Mag Card Selectric Typewriter is announced in July. This invention allows mag card typewriters separated by thousands of miles to send information to each other over voice-grade telephone lines.
The IBM Selectric II Typewriter, which lets the typist switch from 10-pitch for correspondence to 12-pitch for business forms and reports, is unveiled in September. The IBM Tech III Ribbon cartridge, also introduced, permits "clean hands" ribbon replacement.		 20,41,62, 135
9473301 - 9523400 1972   20,41,135
9523401 - 9589700 1973 IBM introduces the Correcting Selectric II Typewriter in March. The machine's Lift-off Tape allows the typist to lift typing errors literally off the paper.
The IBM Mag Card II Typewriter is announced in April. Its electronic memory holds up to 8,000 characters.
OPD assumes responsibility for IBM facilities in Boulder, Colo., and engineering and manufacturing operations for IBM copier products are transferred from Lexington to Boulder.		 20,41,62, 135
9589701 - 9599999 1974 IBM rolls out the Memory Typewriter, a desktop typewriter that stores everything typed and allows the operator to recall and revise previously typed material. It has a 4,000 character memory, with a 50-page storage. Also available is a 100-page storage. 20,62, 135
0200000 - 0261014 1974 Serial number jumps again in 1974. 135
0261015 - 0299999 1975   135
0600000 - 0638570 1975 Serial number jumps again in 1975. 135
0638571 - 0694329 1976   135
0694330 - 0746859 1977   135
0746860 - 0813405 1978   135
0813406 - 0879811 1979   135
0879812 - 0937911 1980   135
0937912 - 1002660 1981   135
1002661 - 1036658 1982   135
1036659 - 1061818 1983   135
1061819 - up 1984 Model 7x1 Discontinued 3/20/84 135
         
Selectric 7x3 (USA)   13" Carriage  
4700000 - 4709100 1962   20,41,135
4709101 - 4736100 1963   20,41,135
4726101 - 4766100 1964   20,41,135
4766101 - 4807100 1965   20,41,135
4807101 - 4873100 1966   20,41,135
4873101 - 4960100 1967   20,41,135
4960101 - 5200100 1968   20,41,135
5200101 - 5316800 1969   20,41,135
5316801 - 5378000 1970   20,41,135
9020000 - 9072600 1970 Serial number sequence change, jumps to 9,020,000 20,135
9072601 - 9159800 1971   20,135
9159801 - 9206500 1972   20,41,135
9700000 - 9714000 1972 Serial number sequence change, jumps to 9,700,000 20,135
9714001 - 9786900 1973   20,41,135
9786901 - 9799999 1974   20,135
0400000 - 0454852 1974 Serial number jump again in 1974 to 0,400,000 135
0454853 - 0481556 1975   135
0481557 - 0481561 1976 Model 7x3 Discontinued in 1976. 135
         
Selectric 7x5 (USA)   15" Carriage  
4000000 - 4352100 1961   20,41,135
4352101 - 4383100 1962   20,41,135
4383101 - 4405100 1963   20,41,135
4405101 - 4427100 1964   20,41,135
4427101 - 4463100 1965   20,41,135
4463101 - 4522100 1966   20,41,135
4522101 - 4598100 1967   20,41,135
4598101 - 4680000 1968   20,41,135
5460001 - 5669600 1969 Serial Number jump. 20,41,135
5669601 - 5727600 1970   20,41,135
9210000 - 9269600 1970 Serial number sequence change, jumps to 9,210,000 20,135
9269601 - 9365600 1971   20,41,135
9365601 - 9396200 1972   20,41,135
9600000 - 9632000 1972 Serial number sequence change, jumps to 9,600,000 20,135
9632001 - 9690620 1973   20,41,135
9690621 - 9699900 1974   20,135
0300000 - 0351300 1974 Serial number jump in 1974 to 0300000 135
0351301 - 0372769 1975   135
0372770 - 0372800 1976 Model 7x5 Discontinued 1976 135
         

Selectric II

    
Selectric II 8x3 (USA)   13" Carriage, non-correcting Model 833 and 873  
1000000 - 1029000 1971 The IBM Selectric II Typewriter, which lets the typist switch from 10-pitch for correspondence to 12-pitch for business forms and reports, is unveiled in September. The IBM Tech III Ribbon cartridge, also introduced, permits "clean hands" ribbon replacement. 20,62,135
1029001 - 1125000 1972   20,135
1125001 - 1254000 1973 IBM introduces the Correcting Selectric II Typewriter in March. The machine's Lift-off Tape allows the typist to lift typing errors literally off the paper.
OPD assumes responsibility for IBM facilities in Boulder, Colo., and engineering and manufacturing operations for IBM copier products are transferred from Lexington to Boulder.		 20,62,135
1254001 - 1409000 1974 IBM rolls out the Memory Typewriter, a desktop typewriter that stores everything typed and allows the operator to recall and revise previously typed material. It has a 4,000 character memory, with a 50-page storage. Also available is a 100-page storage. 20,62,135
1409001 - 1584100 1975 The IBM Electronic Selectric Composer is launched in January.
The IBM Mag Card/A Typewriter debuts in September.
 20,62,135
1584101 - 1756800 1976   135
1756801 - 1916700 1977   135
1916701 - 1990000 1978   135
5000000 - 5054100 1978 Serial number jump in 1978 to 5000000 135
5054101 - 5187700 1979   135
5187701 - 5285200 1980   135
5285201 - 5316200 1981   135
5316201 - 5316500 1982   135
         
Selectric II 8x5 (USA)   15" Carriage, non-correcting Model 835 and 875  
2000000 - 2033500 1971   20,135
2033501 - 2155800 1972   20,135
2155801 - 2342000 1973   20,135
2342001 - 2604000 1974   20,135
2604001 - 2939300 1975   20,135
2939301 - 3312400 1976   135
3312401 - 3680700 1977   135
3680701 - 3867700 1978   135
6000000 - 6162200 1978 Serial number jump in 1978 to 6000000 135
6162201 - 6576400 1979   135
6576401 - 6862300 1980   135
6862301 - 6958179 1981   135
6958180 - 7054912 1982   135
7054913 - 7193750 1983   135
         

Correcting Selectric II

  
Models » 893,853 895,855
Max Paper Capacity 13.5" 15.5"
Writing Line 11.0" 13.0"
Total Width 20.0" 22.0"
Depth 15.6" 15.6"
Height 7.6" 7.6"
Weight 36 lb. 38 lb.
Power Req. 115v 60hz 115v 60hz
135
           
Correcting Selectric II 8x3 (USA)   13" Carriage, Correcting Model 853 and 893  
1152935 - 1253403 3/2/73-12/3/73   135
1253404 - 1360669 12/4/73-9/8/74   135
1360670 - 1615211 9/9/74-1/26/76   135
1615212 - 1809725 1/27/76-4/18/77   135
1809726 - 1989988 4/19/77-7/9/78   135
5000210 - 5126951 7/10/78-6/21/79   135
5126952 - 5200758 6/22/79-1/6/80   135
5200759 - 5255471 1/7/80-5/20/80   135
5255472 - 5291541 5/21/80-1/2/81 Models 853 and 893 Discontinued 4/6/81. 135
         
Correcting Selectric II 8x5 (USA)   13" Carriage, Correcting Model 855 and 895  
2190586 - 2341363 3/1/73-12/3/73   135
2341364 - 2522440 12/4/73-9/8/74   135
2522441 - 3005409 9/9/74-1/26/76   135
3005410 - 3427859 1/27/76-4/18/77   135
4345406 - 4432330 8/1/76-4/18/77   135
3427860 - 3867695 4/19/77-7/9/78   135
4432331 - 4623664 4/19/77-7/9/78   135
6002803 - 6388812 7/10/78-6/21/79   135
4623665 - 4785800 7/10/78-6/21/79   135
6388813 - 6603755 6/22/79-1/6/80   135
4785801 - 4874280 6/22/79-1/6/80   135
6603756 - 6749331 1/7/80-5/20/80   135
4874281 - 4951353 1/7/80-5/20/80   135
5002931 - 5005539 1/7/80-5/20/80   135
6749332 - 6874286 5/21/80-2/1/81   135
4951353 - 4993079 5/21/80-2/1/81   135
4994080 - 4999311 2/2/81 - 4/6/81 IBM Discontinued 4/6/81, Independent dealers marketed Model 895 through 1984. 135
0700000 - 0719251 4/7/81-12/31/81   135
0719252 - 0732041 1/1/82-9/30/82   135
         

Selectric III

  
Models » 6701 6705
Max Paper Capacity 13.5" 15.5"
Writing Line 11.0" 13.0"
Case Width 18.5" 20.5"
Total Width 20.25" 22.25"
Depth 15.5" 15.5"
Height 7.1" 7.1"
Weight 37 lb. 39 lb.
Power Req. 115v 60hz 115v 60hz
135
           
Selectric III 6701 (USA)      
0000001 - 0014388 1981   135
0014389 - 0047079 1982   135
0047080 - 0076170 1983   135
0076171 - up 1984 6701/001 Discontinued 1/1/85 135
       
Selectric III 6702 (USA)      
1000000 - 1012830 1981   135
1012831 - 1016582 1982   135
           
Correcting Selectric III 6705 (USA)      
4000000 - 4110573 1980   135
5000000 - 5033498 1980   135
5033499 - 5177163 1981   135
4110574 - 4418832 1981   135
5177164 - 5297612 1982   135
4418833 - 4667822 1982   135
4667823 - 4909455 1983   135
4909456 - up 1984 6705/A01 and 6705/K01 Discontinued 1/1/85 135
       
Correcting Selectric III 6703 (USA)      
2000000 - 2029753 1981   135
2029754 - 2037334 1982   135
       
Correcting Selectric III 6704 (USA)      
3000000 - 3003246 1980   135
3003247 - 3017876 1981   135
3017877 - 3023024 1982   135
       
Correcting Selectric III 6700 (USA)      
0000001 - 0021501 1982   135
0021502 - 0041919 1983   135
0041920 - up 1984 6700/A01 Discontinued 1/1/85 135
         

IBM Electronic

  
Models » 65,85,95 50,60 75
Max Paper Capacity 15.5"/19.1" 15.5"/19.1" 15.5"/19.1"
Writing Line 13.0"/16.6" 13.0"/16.6" 13.0"/16.6"
Case Width 21.6"/25.2" 21.1"/24.7" 21.1"/24.7"
Total Width 24.1"/27.7" 23.6"/27.2" 23.6"/27.2"
Depth 17.8" 17.6" 17.6"
Height 7.0" 6.5" 6.5"
Weight 47.5/52.0 lb. 51.0/56.0 lb. 50.0/55.0 lb.
135
           
Electronic 65/85/95 6714 (USA)      
7000000 - 7009408 1982   135
7009409 - 7095643 1983   135
7095644 - up 1984   135
       
Electronic 65/85/95 6724 (USA)      
7500000 - 7500375 1982   135
7500376 - 7510443 1983   135
7510444 - up 1984   135
           
Electronic 50/60 6713 (USA)      
0000001 - 0025082 1978   135
0025083 - 0099637 1979   135
0099638 - 0142729 1980   135
0142730 - 0187775 1981   135
0187776 - 0213055 1982   135
0213056 - up 1983   135
       
Electronic 50/60 6723 (USA)      
2000000 - 2001529 1978   135
2001530 - 2011628 1979   135
2011629 - 2020174 1980   135
2020175 - 2031050 1981   135
2031051 - 2035004 1982   135
2035005 - up 1983   135
           
Electronic 75 6713 (USA)      
3000000 - 3010278 1979   135
3010279 - 3080742 1980   135
3080743 - 3136002 1981   135
3136003 - 3165809 1982   135
3165810 - up 1983   135
       
Electronic 75 6723 (USA)      
4000000 - 4000148 1979   135
4000149 - 4004556 1980   135
4004557 - 4009406 1981   135
4009407 - 4011924 1982   135
4011925 - up 1983   135
           
         
Selectric Composer (USA)   Proportional spacing, justifying cold typesetting machine.  
5000000 1966 The IBM Selectric Composer and Magnetic Tape Selectric Composer are introduced. 62
  1967 The IBM Paper Tape Selectric Composer is announced in May. 62
  1975 The IBM Electronic Selectric Composer is launched in January. 62
           
1977-1991       Misc Notes.  
  1977     IBM announces the Office System/6 in January.
The IBM Mag Card II Typewriter - Communicating is announced, also in January.
The IBM Correcting Selectric Right to Left Typewriters (Hebrew, Farsi and Arabic) are introduced in March.
The IBM Memory 100 Typewriter debuts, also in March.
The IBM 6240 Mag Card Typewriter is rolled out in June. It operates at speeds up to 55 characters per second.
 62
  1978     The IBM Electronic Typewriter 50 and Electronic Typewriter 60, the first electronic typewriters, introduce a new dimension of features, including automatic error correction, underscoring and centering. 62
  1980     The keyboards of the IBM Selectric III and IBM Correcting Selectric III typewriters feature larger, non-glare keys and a lighted margin scale. 62
  1981     The Office Products Division, along with the Data Processing and General Systems Divisions, is consolidated into two new divisions: National Accounts and National Marketing. 62
  1982     The IBM Electronic Typewriter 65 and Electronic Typewriter 85 are introduced. They have automatic right-margin justification, triple pitch and electronic keyboards.
The IBM Personal Typewriter, a compact model for student and home use, is sold for the first time.		 62
  1984     The IBM Selectric System/2000 typewriters, a family of totally electronic machines for a wide range of applications, are announced.
The IBM Quietwriter 7 Typewriter features a new, patented resistive ribbon print technology, plus easy-to-use electronic functions.
The IBM Wheelwriter 3 and Wheelwriter 5 typewriters offer cartridge printwheels along with advanced electronic functions.
 62
  1985     The IBM Actionwriter 1 Typewriter provides versatility in a typewriter for schools, small business and the home.
The IBM Wheelwriter System/20 and System/40, and the IBM Quietwriter System/20 and System/40 typewriters represent a new level of typing power and sophistication. Plug-in cartridges like Mailing List, Information Organizer and Spell Check deliver software solutions for a variety of tasks.		 62
  1986     The IBM Wheelwriter 6 and Quietwriter 8 typewriters provide advances in speed, power and convenience. 62
  1987     The IBM Personal Typing System combines the simplicity of a typewriter and the flexibility of a word processor with the power of a personal computer. 62
  1988     In the largest typewriter announcement in IBM history, the IBM Wheelwriter Series II typewriters and the IBM Personal Wheelwriter Typewriter provide solutions for virtually every typing application. 62
  1990     IBM announces that it will form a wholly-owned subsidiary consolidating the company's typewriter, keyboard, intermediate and personal printers and supplies business in the United States, including manufacturing and development facilities. IBM also reports that it is working to create an alliance under which Clayton & Dubilier, Inc., would become the majority owner of the new subsidiary, and that IBM is studying a plan to include the remainder of its worldwide "information products" business in the alliance. The new U.S. company includes IBM's information products facilities in Lexington and Boulder. 62
  1991     IBM and Clayton & Dubilier, Inc., create a new information products company -- Lexmark International, Inc. -- to develop, manufacture and sell personal printers, typewriters, keyboards and related supplies worldwide. Lexmark is licensed to use certain IBM trademarks and has access to IBM technology and licenses to patents related to its business activities. 62
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

Canada Production
         
Model A Standard (Canada)      
0001 - 0738 1949   42
739 1950   42
up to 3164 1951   42
3165 - 4646 1952   42
4647 - 8425 1953   42
         
Model A Executive (Canada)      
0001 - 0097 1949   42
98 1950   42
up to 499 1951   42
0500 - 0789 1952   42
0790 - 1879 1953   42
         
Model B Standard (Canada)      
10110 1954   42
up to 14216 1955   42
14217 - 18230 1956   42
18231 - 23791 1957   42
23792 and up 1958   42
         
Model B Executive (Canada)      
3001 1954   42
up to 4217 1955   42
4218 - 5233 1956   42
5234 - 6546 1957   42
6547 and up 1958   42
         
Model C Standard (Canada)      
60001 - 64728 1959   42
64729 - 70284 1960   42
70285 - 75571 1961   42
75572 - 81865 1962   42
81866 - 89555 1963   42
89556 - 98123 1964   42
98124 - 108009 1965   42
108010 - 116500 1966   42
116501 and up 1967   42
         
Model C Executive (Canada)      
30001 - 31037 1959   42
31038 - 32326 1960   42
32327 - 33384 1961   42
33385 - 34489 1962   42
34490 - 36100 1963   42
36101 - 37765 1964   42
37766 - 39700 1965   42
39701 - 41600 1966   42
41601 and up 1967   42
         
Model D Standard (Canada)      
250000 - 257408 1967   42
257400 - 262927 1968   42
262928 - 270492 1969   42
270493 - 276629 1970   42
276630 - 281085 1971   42
1972   42
281086 - 281914 1973   42
281915 and up 1974 Production Ended 1974 42
         
Model D Executive (Canada)      
200000 - 202672 1967   42
202673 - 204733 1968   42
204734 - 207387 1969   42
207388 - 210933 1970   42
210934 - 212664 1971   42
212665 - 214053 1972   42
214054 and up 1973   42
1974 Production Ended 1974 42
         
Selectric 7xx (Canada)      
140000 - 142054 1961   42
142055 - 146660 1962   42
146661 - 147927 1963   42
147928 - 151168 1964   42
151169 - 156667 1965   42
156668 - 165000 1966   42
165001 - 178644 1967   42
178645 - 195209 1968   42
195210 - 3025697 1969 Serial number jump to 3 million series. 42
3025698 - 3072056 1970   42
3072057 - 3110722 1971   42
3110723 - 3131285 1972   42
3131286 - 3152122 1973   42
3152123 - 3179895 1974   42
3179896 - 3195689 1975   42
3195690 - 3200183 1976   42
3200184 - 3203840 1977   42
         
Selectric II 8xx (Canada)      
4000000 - 4012319 1971   42
4012320 - 4051511 1972   42
4051512 - 4111744 1973   42
4111745 - 4203889 1974   42
4203890 - 4286140 1975   42
4286141 - 4382977 1976   42
4382978 - 4529092 1977   42
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

Belgium Production
         
Model A&B Standard (Belgium)      
0001 - 0250 1951   24
0251 - 0548 1952   24
0549 - 1228 1953   24
1229 - 1870 1954   24
1871 - 2533 1955   24
2534 - 3377 1956   24
3378 - 4181 1957   24
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

France Production
         
Model A&B Standard (France)      
1 - 27 1952   24
28 - 974 1953   24
975 - 3113 1954   24
3114 - 5416 1955   24
5417 - 8274 1956   24
8275 - 12320 1957   24
         
Model A&B Executive (France)      
1 - 47 1953   24
48 - 902 1954   24
903 - 2041 1955   24
2042 - 2511 1956   24
3512 - 4960 1957   24
         
Model C Standard (France)      
30001 1959   30
33696 1960   30
41986 1961   30
50560 1962   30
58052 1963   30
67139 - 75402 1964   30
76000 - 81366 1965   30
         
Model C Executive (France)      
30001 1961   30
38580 1962   30
42282 1963   30
48639 1964   30
55000 - 58548 1965   30
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

German Production
         
Model A&B Standard (Germany)      
001 - 0026 1952   24
0027 - 0091 1953   24
0092 - 2320 1954   24
2321 - 4867 1955   24
4868 - 8940 1956   24
8941 - 13885 1957   24
         
Model A&B Executive (Germany)      
0001 - 0170 1953   24
0171 - 0595 1954   24
0596 - 1239 1955   24
1240 - 2153 1956   24
2154 - 3210 1957   24
         
Model C Standard (Germany)      
20500 1959   30
28106 1960   30
42188 1961   30
60358 1962   30
79881 1963   30
99842 1964   30
117994 - 138685 1965   30
138686 1966   30
160293 1967   30
         
Model C Executive (Germany)      
5136 1959   30
6349 1960   30
9540 1961   30
13954 1962   30
20196 1963   30
28770 1964   30
39253 - 51999 1965   30
52000 1966   30
66486 1967   30
         
Model D Standard (Germany)      
200001 1967   30
219479 1968   30
244142 1969   30
274594 1970   30
307310 1971   30
         
Model D Executive (Germany)      
600000 1967   30
615949 1968   30
638679 1969   30
662461 1970   30
692174 1971   30
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

United Kingdom Production
         
Model A&B Standard (U.K.)      
11-0001 - 11-0199 1951   24
11-0200 - 11-0568 1952   24
11-0569 - 11-1499 1953   24
11-1500 - 12-2649 1954   24
12-2650 - 12-4206 1955   24
12-4207 - 12-5089 1956   24
12-5090 - 12-6794 1957   24
         
Model A&B Executive (U.K.)      
0001 - 00151 1953   24
0152 - 0930 1954   24
0931 - 1941 1955   24
1942 - 3234 1956   24
3235 - 4374 1957   24
         
Model C Standard (U.K.)      
30001 1959   30
31001 1960   30
34111 1961   30
36809 1962   30
39204 1963   30
41884 - 42024 1964   30
         
Model C Executive (U.K.)      
50001 1959   30
50348 1960   30
52438 1961   30
54554 1962   30
56055 1963   30
57858 - 57894 1964   30
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

Italy Production
         
Model A&B Standard (Italy)      
0001 - 0228 1953   24
0229 - 0421 1954   24
0422 - 0543 1955   24
0544 - 0757 1956   24
0758 - 1051 1957   24
         
Model A&B Executive (Italy)      
0001 - 0022 1953   24
0023 - 0310 1954   24
0311 - 0890 1955   24
0891 - 1616 1956   24
1617 - 2425 1957   24
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

Netherlands Production
         
Model A Standard (Netherlands)      
00001 1951   24
00242 1952   24
00539 1953   24
00568 1954   24
01649 1955   24
01652 1956   24
04103 1957   24
         
Model A Executive (Netherlands)      
00001 1951   24
00008 1952   24
00037 1953   24
00031 1955   24
00688 1956   24
01531 1957   24
02180 1958   24
         
Model B Standard (Netherlands)      
00288 1951   24
00540 1952   24
01545 1953   24
02391 1954   24
03260 1955   24
04138 1956   24
05015 1957   24
         
Model B Executive (Netherlands)      
00007 1952   24
00059 1953   24
00075 1954   24
00877 1955   24
01541 1956   24
02278 1957   24
02775 1958   24
         
Model C Standard (Netherlands)      
30001 1959   30
30538 1960   30
31401 1961   30
-- 1962   30
32620 1963   30
32980 1964   30
35582 1965   30
43878 - 48140 1966   30
         
Model C Executive (Netherlands)      
40001 1962   30
41211 1963   30
43228 1964   30
46734 - 48639 1965   30
         
Selectric 7x3/7x5 (Netherlands)      
8001001 1961   30
8001602 1962   30
8013867 1963   30
8028333 1964   30
8046833 1965   30
8070862 1966   30
8111382 1967   30
8155203 1968   30
8211618 1969   30
8288255 1970   30
8389501 1971   30
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

Sweden Production
         
Model A&B Standard (Sweden)      
00001 - 00133 1951   24
00134 - 00324 1952   24
00325 - 01223 1953   24
01224 - 02581 1954   24
02580 - 03424 1955   24
03425 - 04835 1956   24
04836 - 06836 1957   24
         
Model A&B Executive (Sweden)      
00001 - 00010 1952   24
00011 - 00128 1953   24
00129 - 00612 1954   24
00613 - 00939 1955   24
00990 - 01394 1956   24
01395 - 01938 1957   24
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

Switzerland Production
         
Model A&B Standard (Switzerland)      
00001 - 00063 1952   24
00064 - 00256 1953   24
00257 - 00448 1954   24
00449 - 00628 1955   24
00629 - 00855 1956   24
00856 - 01086 1957   24
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.

Mexico Production
         
Model D Standard (Mexico)      
42400 - 56237 1974   42
56238 - 62140 1975   42
20000 - 31334 1975 Serial Numbers Restarted in 1975. 42
31335 - 46868 1976   42
46869 - 53509 1977   42
         
Model D Executive (Mexico)      
37800 - 48442 1974   42
48443 - 53439 1975   42
20000 - 31334 1975 Serial Numbers Restarted in 1975. 42
31335 - 46868 1976   42
46869 - 53509 1977   42
           

Reference numbers

* Indicates source data the current list maintainer has access to. Usually it means we have a copy of the document in question, but it might be in the form of a later edition list. However, for the purposes of validation we have been able to confirm the source.

   
No. Literature
1 * Century of the Typewriter, Wilfred A. Beeching, publ. by the British Typewriter Museum, 1974, 1990, ISBN 0951679007
2 * Joan Sales,"Date your Underwood Typewriter" - Website : http://www.oocities.org/heartland/cottage/5405/serial.htm, reference to Richard Polt
(note: The source for this article was at least partially Ref. #18)
3 Allowance Sheet 1918, made available by Andrew B. Schrader
4 Ernst Martin, Die Schreibmaschine und ihre Entwicklungsgeschichte(The Typewriter and the history of it's developement), publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag and Basten International, 1920 to 1949 and reprints
5 * Darryl Rehr, Antique typewriters, by Schroeder publishing, Los Angeles, 1997, ISBN 0891457577
see: http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/book/book.html
6 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Bruce Beard, Australia
(note: this reference same as #28)
7 * "Liste der Herstellungsdaten gangbarer Schreibmaschinen" Listing of the production dates of commen typewriters), publ. by Wochenschrift für Papier, Otto Hoffmann Verlag, 1941, Berlin, copies contributed by Mr. Paul Roberts, Netherlands. Current copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
8 * Richard Polt, adapted from the book of Paul Lippman, American Typewriters: A Collector's Encyclopedia (1992) and corrected, based on a list publ. in ETCetera #4
see: http://www.aquaporin4.com/etcetera/ETC.04.pdf
9 "Fabriknummernverzeichnis" (Factory number Listing), booklet which could be purchased optionally with book reference No. 4, edition 1941, publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag, Pappenheim 1941
10 "Fabrikationsdaten von Schreibmaschinen", listing of typewriter serial numbers for dealer's, 1942 and 1935, publ. by Carl Teege Verlag, Hamburg
11 Ames Supply General Catalog from 1949
12 Information contributed by Will Davis, see : http://www.hometown.aol.com/page3.html
13 Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslaendischer Schreibmaschinen, 10 Auflage, 1955, publ. by Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg (small book, pre-owned by the Adler Werke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer, Frankfurt)
14 * Leonhard Dingwerth, Kleines Lexikon Historischer Schreibmaschinen (Small Lexicon of Historical Typewriters), publ. by Kunstgrafik Dingwerth, Eichendorffstr. 77, D-33415 Verl
15 * Office Typewriter Age List No. 26, publ. by Smith-Corona, by courtesy of Mr. Ron Fuller, Los Angeles, USA
(note: this reference same as #22)
16 * American Typewriters - A Collector's Encyclopedia by Paul Lippman, 1992, Hoboken
17 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1964, provided by Bill Wahl
18 * Remington Information Binder (The Sheridan Binder), 1950's to 1970's, provided by Richard Polt.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/09/07/in-preparation-for-an-updated-typewriter-serial-number-database-royal-portables/
19 * Interview with P. Birchmeier, Aug. 2012, reported by Georg Sommeregger.
see: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/theportabletypewriterforum/message/31895
20 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1980, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/04/22/national-office-machine-dealer-association-1972-typewriter-age-guide/
21 * VOSS Schreibmaschinen, 2012, published by Georg Sommeregger.
see: https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/VOSS.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_52.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_24_typewriter.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_klein_voss.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_privat.html
22 * Smith-Corona Age List #26, 1960, provided by Bill M.
see: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/typewriter-serial-numbers.html
and: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/moretypewriter-serial-numbers.html
23 * Shipman-Ward Office Machine Dealer's Line Book, Jan 1, 1954, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2013/01/05/shipman-ward-dealers-line-book-1954%E2%80%93part-2-age-lists/
24 * H.F.W. Schramm, Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und ausländischer Schreibmaschinen, 11th edition, Hans Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg 1962 - copy provided by Georg Sommeregger. Additional copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
25 * P. Frensel, Die Entwicklung der ehemaligen DDR-Schreibmaschinen-Produktion (einschliesslich der bis 1945 produzierten Schreibmaschinen in diesem Gebiet sowie der Produktion ab 1990), in: Schreibmaschinen- und Bureau-Zeitung, Nr. 10/1999, Nr. 11/2000, Nr. 12/2000 (originally published in: Mannheimer Hefte für Schriftvergleich, Nr. 1-2/1999) - provided by Georg Sommeregger and later by Otto Koponen
"The development of the former GDR typewriter production (including typewriters produced on its territory until 1945 and production after 1990)"
26 * "The Writing Machine (A history of the typewriter)" Michael H. Adler
27 * "Antique Typewriters from Creed to QWERTY" Michael H. Adler
28 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Dec 1973 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Peter Brill, Australia
(note: this reference same as #6)
29 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1971 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
30 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1980 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
31 * The Business Machines and Equipment Digest, publ. 1927 by Equipment-Research Corporation, copy contributed by Mark Adams.
see: http://type-writer.org/?p=2850
32 * R. Blickensderfer and P. Robert, "The Five-Pound Secretary. An Illustrated History of the Blickensderfer Typewriter", publ. 2003 by The Virtual Typewriter Museum, excerpt contributed by Georg Sommeregger.
33 * Matricolario Olivetti, copy contributed by Enrico Morozzi.
34 * Olivetti Graphika Serial Number List, compiled by Domenico Scarzello.
See: http://www.typewriterstory.com/index.php/ol-graphica
35 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1950. By Carl Teege, Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
36 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1953. Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
37 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, February 1, 1941. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
38 * Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict. Remington Standard typewriter. New York : Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict, [188-?], accessed from the Baker Library, Harvard Business School.
See: http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2574435
39 * Documented Hammond Serial Numbers, V.4 Jan. 1, 2013 through V.7 Jul 20, 2017, Compiled by Peter Weil.
40 * Blick Billheads With Serial Numbers, Compiled by Peter Weil.
41 * Olympia, USA "Allowance Sheet T-58" (approx 1977). From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
42 * IBM Typewriters Serial Numbers 1946 to 1977, Montreal Branch - IBM Canada Ltd. Contributed to Yahoo GolfBallTypewriterShop group by Jacques Coulombe.
43 * Xerox Factbook 1987
See: http://simson.net/ref/Xerox/
44 * IBM Selectric Adjustment & Parts Manual S241-5939-2
45 * Brother Service Update #31, June 20, 1985
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-datecodes-1.jpg
46 * Brother Letter #0203 (10/1979) "How to Determine In-Warranty Typewriters"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-warranty-3.jpg
47 * Brother Service Manuals and Addendums 1974-1990 "The Edsel R. Sanders Collection"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/2014/05/06/a-brotherly-bonanza/
48 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, 1977. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
49 * Brother Group Corporate Profile, 2014
See: http://download.brother.com/pub/com/en/corporate/pdf/2014/broa4_3334_en.pdf
50 * Victor Standard Typewriters, By Will Davis
See: http://web.archive.org/web/20090830084402/http:/geocities.com/wbd641/Victor.html
51 * Die historische Entwicklung des Bet riebes Optima Erfurt (2008), by Eberhard Lippmann. Contributed by Vilhelm Dromberg
52 * Corona: The Personal Writing Machine, by S. L. Johnson
See: http://www.sljohnson.net/typewriter/corona.html
53 * Standard Folding Typewriter by Richard Milton
See: http://www.portabletypewriters.co.uk/portable_typewriters_standard_folding.htm
54 * Collect Folding Coronas, by Paul Lippman
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC004.pdf?page=4
55 * Smith-Corona Parts and Service Manuals (1947-1999) lent by Bill Wahl
56 * Europe - Oliver - SIM - MAS small typewriters, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: https://sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/OLIVER_SIM_MAS.html
57 * The Montana line of Hermes clones, by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=3598
58 * The Hermes Baby page!, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/collection/hermes_baby.html
59 * American Digest of Business Machines, 1924. Contributed by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/ADBM1924.pdf
60 * "MTE-INV" Mesa Typewriter Exchange Stock Inventory Records 1950 to 1987. Contributed by Bill Wahl.
61 * "Mechanical Typewriters - Their History, Value, and Legacy" by Thomas A. Russo.
62 * "The IBM Model B typewriter" by IBM.
See: https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_intro.html
63 * "Remington Portables" by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/rem-portables.htm
64 * "Moskva and Janalif Research" by Alex Sandler. (plus updates)
See: https://goo.gl/I5X12b, https://goo.gl/z0tSOq, https://goo.gl/4iq9Tz http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html, http://odtype.blogspot.com/2017/02/moskva-5-6-and-7-age-lists.html
65 * "Collector's Guide to Antique Typewriters" Dan Post, Post-Era Books, 1981.
66 * "The Unknown Writing Machine" Don Sutherland in The Antique Trader, 1978.
67 * "Don't Mind My Insanity: Updated Fox Serial Numbers" by Tyler Anderson.
See: https://wordsarewinged.blogspot.com/2016/06/dont-mind-my-insanity-updated-fox.html
68 * "A Very Good Year for Adler Favorit 2's" by Robert Godlieb.
See: http://badonoer.blogspot.com/2016/01/a-very-good-year-for-adler-favorit-2s.html
69 * "FBI Forgery by Typewriter: Re-Examining the Alger Hiss Case - How Did His 1927 Woodstock Become a 1929 Model?" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/fbi-forgery-by-typewriter-re-examining.html
70 * "The Littlest Typewriters: Bennett's Bantamweights" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/littlest-typewriters-bennetts.html
71 * "Re: [TYPEWRITERS] Bennett Typewriter on Yahoo Typewriter Forum" by Thomas Furtig.
72 * "Sabb Schreibmaschine" by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/blog/2016/06/sabb-schreibmaschine/
73 * "Discovering the Studio Musicwriter" by Theodore Munk.
See: Etcetera #109 (link when available)
74 * "The Story of the Typewriter 1873-1923" Herkimer County Historical Society, 1923.
75 * "The Early History of the Typewriter" by Chas. E Weller (1918).
76 * "Old Typewriters" by Duncan James (Shire, 1993).
77 * "Williams Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson, 2016.
78 * "The History of the Typewriter" by Geo. Charles Mares (Gilbert Pitman, London, 1909).
79 * "Emerson Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson & Peter Weil, 2016.
80 * "The Emerson: The Enigma of Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-emerson-enigma-of-typewriters.html
81 * "A History of the Three-Row 'WILLIAMS' Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in Historische Bürowelt No. 21 April 1988, and No. 22 July 1988.
82 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 50-52 1922" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
83 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 6-7 1907" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
84 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 38-40 1918" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
85 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 41 1919" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
86 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 29-32 1915" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
87 * "The Victor Standard Typewriter" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-victor-standard-typewriter.html
88 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Trying to Unravel the Victor Mystery" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/11/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_6.html
89 * "The Franklin Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in ETCetera #1 October, 1987.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC001.pdf
90 * "On This Day in Typewriter History (CVI)" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2011/09/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history-cvi.html
91 * "the Garbell Portable Typewriter" by The Garbell family.
See: http://www.garbell.com/GarbellTypewriter.html
92 * "Garbell Typewriter" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/#!garbell-typewriter/us0eg
93 * "Fox Visible Typewriters - An Overview " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-visible-typewriters-overview.html
94 * "Fox Portable Typewriters and the Demise of Fox Typewriter Company " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-portable-typewriters-and-demise-of.html
95 * "The American Stationer" 1906.
96 * "The American Stationer" 1907.
97 * "Franklin Typewriter Ephemera" collected by Peter Weil, 2016.
98 * "A Bennington Letter" collected by Martin Howard.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC082.pdf
99 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 6, 1921.
100 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 7-8, 1922.
101 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 35-37 1917" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
102 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 44-46 1920" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
103 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Unearthing the Molle" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/01/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_9569.html
104 * "It's pronounced 'Mollie'" by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=4230
105 * "The Iron Age, Volume 79 - 1907".
106 * "Office Appliances Volume 36 - July 1922".
107 * "Office Appliances Volume 34 - July 1921".
108 * "The American Pocket Typewriter and Wellington Parker Kidder's Rochester" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2014/07/the-american-pocket-typewriter-and.html
109 * "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Details - The early days of the Noiseless Typewriter" by Ed Neuert.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC081.pdf
110 * "The Merritt" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2016/09/merritt.html
111 * "Yatran The Heaviest" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/09/yatran-heaviest.html
112 * "Moskva 3 and 4 age lists as of 10-2016" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html
113 * "Portable Typewriters Today - February 2015" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/02/portable-typewriters-today-february-2015.html
114 * "The Early Bar-Lock" and "Bar-Lock Typewriters - Models 4 to 15" by Bert Kerschbaumer.
See: ETCetera #98 & #114
115 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #10 - March, 1960".
116 * "AMES Supply Parts Catalog #11P - Feb., 1965".
117 * "The Amazing Masspro Portable Typewriter: 'Grandson' of the Standard Folding" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-amazing-maspro-portable-typewriter.html
118 * "Masspro Typewriter Page" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/masspro-typewriter
119 * "Carl P. Dietz Collection of Typewriters", by George Herrl, 1965.
120 * "Royal Paint Touch-Up Color List", Rev. June, 1968.
121 * "Olympia SM series (part 1, 1948-1964)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/02/olympia-sm-series-part-1-1948-1964.html
122 * "Olympia SM series (part 2, 1964-1980s)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/04/olympia-sm-series-part-2-1964-1980s.html
123 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #5 - August, 1940".
124 * "1975 Smith-Corona Model Prefix Guide", Discovered by Jonathan Kinser from Smith-Corona research.
125 * "Evolution of the Typewriter", C. V. Oden, 1917.
126 * "1912-1923 The Origins and Evolution of the Typewriter" Various Authors.
127 * "The Swedish Densmore Typewriter" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-swedish-densmore-typewriter.html
128 * "All or Nakajima" by Steve K.
See: https://etzone.org/2017/06/17/all-or-nakajima
129 * Smith-Corona Series Estimates researched by Nick Bodemer, 2017
130 * Research by Peter Weil, and ephemera from The Cornelia and Peter Weil Typewriter Archives
131 * 1963 Hermes Baby Adjustment Manual B3, from the collection of T. Munk
132 * Underwood Age List, from the collection of Tony Casillo
See: http://www.typewritercollector.com/images/underwoodagelist.pdf
133 * 1966 & 1971 Hermes 3000 Adjustment Manuals G4,G6 & 1971, from the collection of Jacques Perrier, Museum of the Typewriter, Lausanne, Switzerland
See: https://www.perrier-sa.ch/musee/boutique/
134 * "Korean Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/01/korean-typewriters.html
135 * 1985 IBM Replacement Guide Form 71K6222, supplied by Clark Hinson from the collection of Roger Brockevelt
136 * "Blickensderfer’s last hurrah as a Remington" by Mark Adams.
See: https://type-writer.org/?p=4294
137 * Blickensderfer Research by Peter Weil, 2017
138 * Etcetera #106-107
139 * "Briefly Blick-Bar" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/briefly-blick-bar.html
140 "Lexikon historischer Schreibmaschinen seit 1940" (Typewriter Lexikon since 1940) published 2008 by Leonhard Dingwerth.
141 * "Olivetti macchine per scrivere meccaniche" published 2013 by Carlo Torchio.
From the collection of Carl Hartmann via Mario Bellini
142 * "The ABC in Detail" by Will Davis and Thomas Fürtig.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/search?q=abc+in+detail
143 * "The Real Story of the Brosette Typewriter and its successor the Jaykay Portable" by Michael A. Brown.
See: http://typexnews.com/links/Brosette.pdf
144 * "A Royal Safari at Eighteen Years on the Net" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-royal-safari-at-eighteen-years-on-net.html
145 "The typewriter industry, The impact of a significant technological innovation" 1970 doctoral dissertation by George Nichols Engler, UCLA.
See: https://archive.org/details/TheTypewriterIndustry
146 * Research by Ian Brumfield
147 * Typewriter pages from Sears Catalogs: 1900-1985 From the collections of Alan Seaver (mostly), Nick Bodemer and T. Munk.
148 * "Ten Most Wanted Typewriters" by Richard Polt.
See: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-10mw.html
149 * Messa Research by Carl Hartmann.
150 * "The Dawn of the Lettera 22" by John Cooper.
See: https://atypeofmadness.com/2019/02/12/the-dawn-of-the-lettera-22
151 * "Litton Drags its Caravan Through the Typewriter Desert" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2019/03/litton-drags-its-caravan-through.html
152 * "Typewriter review: 2019 Royal Classic" by Richard Polt.
See: https://writingball.blogspot.com/2019/03/typewriter-review-2019-royal-classic.html
153 * "GENERATION 3000" by Will Davis.
See: http://www.willdavis.org/Generation3000.html
154 * "Everything New in Portable Typewriters is Old Again" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/12/everything-new-in-portable-typewriters.html
155 * "Pretentious Self-Indulgence, and Also Some Pretty Big Breakthroughs" by Ian Brumfield.
See: http://dailyclipper.retroid.xyz/2019/07/16/pretentious-self-indulgence-and-also-some-pretty-big-breakthroughs
156 "1965-1969 Royal Line Catalog" from the collection of Ian Brumfield.
157 * "Harris Visible, Rex Visible, Demountable; Name variants; Vim Visible" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/01/harris-visible-rex-visible-demountable.html
158 * "1973 NOMDA Blue Book" by National Office Machine Dealers Association.
159 * "Olympia Engineering Bulletin General-3" by ITC, Jan 1, 1969.
160 * "IDENTIFYING AND DATING ANTIQUE CALIGRAPH WRITING MACHINES Nos. 1-4" by Al Sumrall.
See: https://oldhoodooblog.wordpress.com/2020/03/20/identifying-and-dating-antique-caligraph-writing-machines-typewriters-nos-1-4/
161 * "Some Type Writers - Their Origin and Uses" By J. B. Huling in Scientific American #575 - January 8, 1887.
162 * "Typewriter, A Celebration of the Ultimate Writing Machine" by Paul Robert and Peter Weil, 2016.
163 * "The Caligraph Publications" by Paul Robert.
164 * "Magic, Maligners and Malfunctions. Part IV – the Waverley, Maskelyne, Rapid, Salter and Many More." by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2020/07/magic-maligners-and-malfunctions-part.html
165 * "Burroughs Adding Machine Company - Typewriters"
See: http://www.burroughsinfo.com/typewriters.html
166 * "Hall Typewriter Serial Numbers" by Al Sumrall
167 * LC Smith and Corona Service Bulletins (1939-1954) From the collection of T. Munk
168 * "Research on Halberg" by Theo Verkerk
See: https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157289533199678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157248994634678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157259808104678/
169 * Royal Royalite Parts Manuals 1955-1965 From the collection of T. Munk
170 * "FRISTER & ROSSMANN TYPEWRITERS"
See: https://www.fiddlebase.com/frister-rossmann/f-r-typewriters/
171 * Dial-a-Ribbon & Typing by Numbers
See: https://etzone.org/2022/05/05/dial-a-ribbon-typing-by-numbers
172 * etzone - a summary of Sharp's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/sharp-2/
173 * etzone - a summary of Canon's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/canon/
174 * etzone - a summary of Nakajima All's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/nakajima-all/
175 * "Nakajima Model 800 Typewriter: The most surprising machine of ALL" by Robert Messenger
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/07/nakajima-model-800-typewriter-most.html
176 * Établissements Japy Frères, Historique et technologie des machines à écrire, [1946]
From the collection of Georg Sommeregger
177 *Leeftijdslijst van Schrijfmachines [1958]
From the collection of Robert Godlieb

Typewriter Hunter Merch!