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Adler Typewriter Serial Numbers Adler Typewriter Serial Numbers for all Adler typewriter models. Adler Typewriter Serial Numbers for models: Adler 11, Adler 15, Adler 16, Adler 17, Adler 19, Adler 2, Adler 25, Adler 30, Adler 31, Adler 32, Adler 32 S, Adler 32A, Adler 37, Adler 39, Adler 46, Adler 7, Adler 8, Adler Champion, Adler Contessa, Adler Contessa De Luxe, Adler Electric 131d, Adler Electric 151c, Adler Electric 151f, Adler Electric 21, Adler Electric 21 f, Adler Electric 21d, Adler Electric MX, Adler Favorit, Adler Favorit 2, Adler Gabriele 10, Adler Gabriele 20, Adler Gabriele 2000, Adler Gabriele 25, Adler Gabriele 35, Adler Gabriele 5000, Adler Gabriele PFS, Adler J2, Adler J3, Adler J4, Adler J5, Adler Junior 1, Adler Junior 10, Adler Junior 12, Adler Junior 2, Adler Junior 20, Adler Junior 3, Adler Junior E, Adler Klein Adler, Adler Klein Adler 2, Adler Klein-Adler, Adler Klein-Adler 2, Adler Meteor 12, Adler Primus, Adler Privat, Adler Record, Adler Satellite, Adler Satellite 2001, Adler Special, Adler Standard, Adler Tessy de Luxe Portable, Adler Tippa, Adler Tippa 1, Adler Tippa 2, Adler Tippa S, Adler Universal, Adler Universal 20, Adler Universal 200, Adler Universal 39, Adler Universal 390, Adler Universal 40, Adler Universal 400 2018-01-21 09:02 Look up Adler Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Adler typewriter models: Adler 11, Adler 15, Adler 16, Adler 17, Adler 19, Adler 2, Adler 25, Adler 30, Adler 31, Adler 32, Adler 32 S, Adler 32A, Adler 37, Adler 39, Adler 46, Adler 7, Adler 8, Adler Champion, Adler Contessa, Adler Contessa De Luxe, Adler Electric 131d, Adler Electric 151c, Adler Electric 151f, Adler Electric 21, Adler Electric 21 f, Adler Electric 21d, Adler Electric MX, Adler Favorit, Adler Favorit 2, Adler Gabriele 10, Adler Gabriele 20, Adler Gabriele 2000, Adler Gabriele 25, Adler Gabriele 35, Adler Gabriele 5000, Adler Gabriele PFS, Adler J2, Adler J3, Adler J4, Adler J5, Adler Junior 1, Adler Junior 10, Adler Junior 12, Adler Junior 2, Adler Junior 20, Adler Junior 3, Adler Junior E, Adler Klein Adler, Adler Klein Adler 2, Adler Klein-Adler, Adler Klein-Adler 2, Adler Meteor 12, Adler Primus, Adler Privat, Adler Record, Adler Satellite, Adler Satellite 2001, Adler Special, Adler Standard, Adler Tessy de Luxe Portable, Adler Tippa, Adler Tippa 1, Adler Tippa 2, Adler Tippa S, Adler Universal, Adler Universal 20, Adler Universal 200, Adler Universal 39, Adler Universal 390, Adler Universal 40, Adler Universal 400 Find out how old your typewriter is. Look up Adler Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Adler typewriter models: Adler 11, Adler 15, Adler 16, Adler 17, Adler 19, Adler 2, Adler 25, Adler 30, Adler 31, Adler 32, Adler 32 S, Adler 32A, Adler 37, Adler 39, Adler 46, Adler 7, Adler 8, Adler Champion, Adler Contessa, Adler Contessa De Luxe, Adler Electric 131d, Adler Electric 151c, Adler Electric 151f, Adler Electric 21, Adler Electric 21 f, Adler Electric 21d, Adler Electric MX, Adler Favorit, Adler Favorit 2, Adler Gabriele 10, Adler Gabriele 20, Adler Gabriele 2000, Adler Gabriele 25, Adler Gabriele 35, Adler Gabriele 5000, Adler Gabriele PFS, Adler J2, Adler J3, Adler J4, Adler J5, Adler Junior 1, Adler Junior 10, Adler Junior 12, Adler Junior 2, Adler Junior 20, Adler Junior 3, Adler Junior E, Adler Klein Adler, Adler Klein Adler 2, Adler Klein-Adler, Adler Klein-Adler 2, Adler Meteor 12, Adler Primus, Adler Privat, Adler Record, Adler Satellite, Adler Satellite 2001, Adler Special, Adler Standard, Adler Tessy de Luxe Portable, Adler Tippa, Adler Tippa 1, Adler Tippa 2, Adler Tippa S, Adler Universal, Adler Universal 20, Adler Universal 200, Adler Universal 39, Adler Universal 390, Adler Universal 40, Adler Universal 400

Adler Typewriter Serial Numbers

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Also known as Adler-PiccolaAdleretteAdleritaAdmiralAguiaAguilaAigleAquilaBlick (Adler)EagleKarstadtOpejtbOrelOrnScheidegger (Adler)Vultur

Serial Number Table Last Edited: 01/21/18 09:02
NOTE: dates shown are JAN 1 unless noted, so the serial number shown is the *first* serial number produced the given year. Exceptions are serial numbers preceded by "up to"(where you can assume that the numbers reported in that subsection are DECEMBER 31, END OF YEAR NUMBERS) or rows where a month is given in the month column. If the serial number is shown as a range (xxxx-xxxx) it indicates that we know the entire range of serial numbers for the given year.

Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.
Platen Diameter       Model 7,8,11,15,16,17,19,25,31, Standard,Simplex,37: 1.377" (35mm)
Model Standard Universal,Special,Record,Electric: 1.751" (44.5mm)
24
           
Models 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 25, 31, Standard, Simplex, 37 and small machines Models 1, 2, 30, 32, Favorit and Favorit 2
up to 4000 1898-1903     Starting: Model 7, three key-rows begins 1900 and Model 8, exchangeable typeset, begins 1902 7,10,13, 24
4001-10000 1905       7,10,13, 24
10001-24000 1906       6,7,10, 13,24
24001-28000 1907       6,7,10, 13,24
28001-40000 1908       6,7,10, 13,24
40001-50000 1909     Starting: Model 11: two typefaces ( languages) and Model 15: four key-rows 6,7,10, 13,24
50001-62000 1910     Starting: Model 14: billingmachine and Model 16: same as Model 15, but exchangeable typeset 6,7,10, 13,24
62001-75000 1911     Model 17: four rows, two typefaces ( languages) 6,7,10, 13,24
75001-90000 1912     Starting: Model 19: mathematical keyboard and small machine Model 1, push lever 6,7,10, 13,24
90001-102000 1913       6,7,10, 13,24
102001-112000 1914       6,7,10, 13,24
112001-115000 1915       6,7,10, 13,24
115001-120000 1916       6,7,10, 13,24
120001-124000 1917       6,7,10, 13,24
124001-155000 1918       6,7,10, 13,24
155001-170000 1919       6,7,10, 13,24
170001-190000 1920       6,7,10, 13,24
190001-212000 1921       6,7,10, 13,24
212001-229000 1922       6,7,10, 13,24
229001-255000 1923       68
255001-280000 1924       6,7,10, 13,24
280001-300000 1925     Starting: Model 25: four key-rows and small machine Model 2, push lever 6,7,10, 13,24
300001-330000 1926       6,7,10, 13,24
330001-350000 1927       6,7,10, 13,24
350001-360000 1928       6,7,10, 13,24
360001-400000 1929       6,7,10, 13,24
400001-410000 1930     Starting: Small machine Model 30, same as Model 2 for export 6,7,10, 13,24
410001-420000 1931     Starting: Model 31: swinging lever and Model Simplex: simplified Mod. 31 and small machine Model 32, swing lever 6,7,13, 24
420001-430000 1932       6,7,13, 24
430001-440000 1933       6,7,24
440001-450000 1934       6,7,13, 24
450001-465000 1935     Starting: small machine Model Favorit 6,7,13, 24
465001-490000 1936       7,13,24
490001-519000 1937     Starting: Model 37: push lever machine with simple switching 7,13,24
519001-544000 1938     Starting: Model Favorit 2 7,13,24
544001-582000 1939       7,13,24
582001-617000 1940       7,13,24
617001-625000 1941       6,13,24
-- 1942     No Production, WW2 68
-- 1943     No Production, WW2 68
-- 1944     No Production, WW2 68
-- 1945     No Production, WW2 68
625001-630000 1946       68
630001-660000 1947       68
660001-720000 1948       6,13,24
720001-800000 1949     Standard (schwarz) Began production 1949 24
800001-825000 1950       6,13,24
825001-842500 1951     "Universal", Standard Special and Record began production 1951 24
842501-900000 1952       6,13,24
900001-965000 1953       24
965001-1015000 1954       24
1015001-1065500 1955       24
1065501-1125000 1956       24
1125001-1174500 1957       24
1174501-1212800 1958       24
1212801-1270600 1959       24
1270601-1532900 1960       24
           

Standards

         
           
Universal          
800001 1950       6,13,30
825590 1951       6,13,30
872701 1952       6,13,30
920000 1953       6,13,30
962001 1954       6,13,30
1010501 1955       6,30
1065501 1956       6,30
1125001 1957       6,30
1177001 1958       6,30
1224001 1959       6,30
1275001 1960       6,30
1329701 1961       6,30
1394891 to 1431600 1962       6,30
8017101 1963     Series Jump? 6,30
8074901 1964       6,30
8160107 1965       6,30
8266998 1966       6,30
8371564 1967       6,30
8435833 1968       6,30
8547920 1969       6,30
9030826 1970       6,30
9090009 1971       6,30
9248880 1972       6,30
9389385 1973       6,30
9498200 1974       30
9615790 1975       30
9800630 1976       30
9941040 1977       30
30000650 1977     New Series 30
30307315 1978     New Series 30
30423589 1979       30
           
Special and Record          
2000001 1951       6,13
2001751 1952       6,13
2020002 1953       6,13
2036001 1954       6,13
2070001 1955       6
2106401 1956       6
2134501 1957       6
2153001 1958       6
2180001 1959       6
2190001 1960       6
2234461 1961       6
2261421 1962       6
2292801 1963       6
2320801 1964       6
2346678 1965       6
2377672 1966       6
2412542 1967       6
2423559 1968       6
2456338 1969       6
2484305 1970       6
2494501 1971       6
2526000 1972       6
2552300-2595941 1973       6,30
           
Privat          
up to 3010000 1953       12
3018000 1954       12
           

Electric

         
L. & S.          
6000046 1957       6,30
6001001 1958       6,30
6002101 1959       6,30
6005221 1960       6,30
6012441 1961       6,30
6119056 1962       6,30
6125255 1963       6,30
6127541 to 6128308 1964       6,30
           
'S'          
6206000 1960       6,30
6212001 1961       6,30
6221001 1962       6,30
6225001 1963       6,30
6227001 to 6227852 1964       6,30
           
E.20          
1735001 to 1736730 1961       6,30
and 7100000 1961       6,30
7101586 to 7103421 1962       6,30
           
E.21 and 21.F          
7110000 1962       6,30
7111734 to 7119999 1963       6,30
7140000 to 7144999 1964       6,30
7145000 1965       6,30
7407670 1966       6,30
7469113 1967       6,30
7517923 1968       6,30
7593046 1969       6,30
7676056 1970       6,30
7827299 1971       6,30
7925220 1972       6,30
3138150 1972     new series 6,30
3263360 1973       6,30
3472650 1974       6,30
3515700-3708157 1975       6,30
3721114 1976       30
           
131F          
3722160 1977       30
           
131D & 141D          
3721617 1977       30
41033770 1978     New Series 30
41106951 1979       30
           
E.41          
7130000 1963       6,30
7130818 to 7131999 1964       6,30
           
E.21/41C and 21D/41D          
7301000 1964       6,30
7344175 1965       6,30
7410315 1966       6,30
7469086 1967       6,30
7532736 1968       6,30
7604331 1969       6,30
7698675 1970       6,30
7870530 1971       6,30
7934515 1972       6,30
           
E.21/41C and 21D/41D
New Series
         
3101080 1971       6,30
3163810 1972       6,30
3292580 1973       6,30
3423030 1974       30
3546300 1975       30
3588008-3694494 1976       30
           
1000 (Single Element)          
46200458 1978       30
46308967 1979       30
           
Gabriele 5000 Electric          
6008680 1970       6,30
6023235 1971       6,30
6345580 1972       6,30
6419445 1973       6,30
6486166 1974       30
6544545 1975       30
6612200 1976       30
6670615 1977       30
6820023 1978       30
6875516 1979       30
           
Gabriele 2000 Electric          
20009765 1973       30
20055335 1974       30
20075005 1975       30
20143715 1976       30
20186055 1977       30
20312108 1978       30
20369493 1979       30
           
MX Electric          
6461540 1973       30
6485650 1974       30
6494947 1975       30
6595183 1976       30
6711210 1977       30
           

Portables

         
Platen Diameter       Model 1,2,30,32,46,Favorit 1,2,Adler-Privat,Tippa: 1.271" (32.3mm) 24
Privat          
3000001 to 3008000 1953       1,30
3008001 to 3018000 1954       1,30
3018001 to 3027300 1955       1,30
3027301 to 3035150 1956       1,30
3035151 and up 1957       1,30
           
Primus/Junior 3          
1630000 1959       1,30
1636901 1960       1,30
1644131 to 1649900 1961       1,30
3141120 to 3143000 1961     Series Jump 1,30
3144000 to 3147000 1962       1,30
3180000 1963       1,30
3319601 1964       1,30
3522870 to 3546000 1965       1,30
           
Favorit (new)          
1654400 1959       1,30
1655251 1960       1,30
1659641 to 1661000 1961       1,30
3170000 to 3176000 1962       1,30
           
Junior E          
1604000 to 1608000 1959       1,30
1608601 to 1615275 1960       1,30
1617000 to 2123000 1961       1,30
3121000 to 3192000 1962       1,30
3192001 to 3322600 1963       1,30
3322601 to 3522869 1964       1,30
3522870 to 3660000 1965       1,30
           
Tippa I & S          
4170000 1959       6,30
4195001 1960       6,30
4210451 196i       6,30
4277000 1962       6,30
4332001 1963       6,30
4395101 1964       6,30
4526458 1965       6,30
4592513 1966       6,30
4701754 1967       6,30
4835621 1968       6,30
5008015 1969       6,30
5125873 1970       6,30
5176672 1971       6,30
5372550 1972       6,30
5520845 1973       6,30
5689135 1974       30
5723295 1975       30
10110300 1976       30
10181175 1977       30
10430001 1978       30
10679101 1979       30
           
Junior 10/20/30          
3611000 up-wards 1965       6
Name "Junior" replaced by "Gabriele" 1966 Sep     6
           
Gabriele 20 (Old Junior 20)          
3710318 1966       1
3852633 1967       6,30
3970133 to 4074470 1968       6,30
           
Gabriele 10 (Old Junior 10)          
3780376 1966       6,30
3852931 1967       6,30
3956542 1968       6,30
4159522 1969       6,30
4314170 1970       6,30
4484507 1971       6,30
4800580 1972       6,30
4843905 1973       6,30
4986725-4998491 and 15229170 (new series) 1974       30
15412870 1975       30
15572380 1976       30
15654999 1977       30
15980433 1978       30
15025331 1979     Presumably, series wrapped back around to before the 15,200,000 restart in 1974, else this is a typo and is supposed to be 16025331. 30
           
Gabriele 30 (Old Junior 30)          
3748562 1966       6
3852295 1967       6
3969867 to 4073545 1968       6
           
Gabriele 25 and Adler J4          
4096503 1968       6,30
4166304 1969       6,30
4354397 1970       6,30
4384999 1971       6,30
4832420 1972       6,30
4986135 to 4999572 1973       6,30
15015260 1974       30
15356875 1975       30
15611890 1976       30
15673670 1977       30
15980736 1978       30
18021199 1979     Series number jump, notable because the Gabriele 10 stays at 15 million, Gabriele 25 jumps to 18 million, and Gabriele 35 jumps to 16 million. Perhaps this was meant to split the various models into "prefixes". 30
           
Gabriele 35 and Adler J5          
4096737 1968       6,30
4139863 1969       6,30
4348192 1970       6,30
4524633 1971       6,30
4774340 1972       6,30
4990885 to 4998781 1973       6,30
15080500 1974     Series Jump 30
15280580 1975       30
15611890 1976       30
15681420 1977       30
15980255 1978       30
16025235 1979       30
           
Contessa          
3004760 1971       6,30
3051500 1972       6,30
3075585 to 3076174 1973       6,30
5643875 1974     Series Jump? 30
5720335 1975       30
10131900 1976     Series Jump? 30
10325380 1977       30
10609123 1978       30
10678956 1979       30

Adler Typewriter Models: Adler 11, Adler 15, Adler 16, Adler 17, Adler 19, Adler 2, Adler 25, Adler 30, Adler 31, Adler 32, Adler 32 S, Adler 32A, Adler 37, Adler 39, Adler 46, Adler 7, Adler 8, Adler Champion, Adler Contessa, Adler Contessa De Luxe, Adler Electric 131d, Adler Electric 151c, Adler Electric 151f, Adler Electric 21, Adler Electric 21 f, Adler Electric 21d, Adler Electric MX, Adler Favorit, Adler Favorit 2, Adler Gabriele 10, Adler Gabriele 20, Adler Gabriele 2000, Adler Gabriele 25, Adler Gabriele 35, Adler Gabriele 5000, Adler Gabriele PFS, Adler J2, Adler J3, Adler J4, Adler J5, Adler Junior 1, Adler Junior 10, Adler Junior 12, Adler Junior 2, Adler Junior 20, Adler Junior 3, Adler Junior E, Adler Klein Adler, Adler Klein Adler 2, Adler Klein-Adler, Adler Klein-Adler 2, Adler Meteor 12, Adler Primus, Adler Privat, Adler Record, Adler Satellite, Adler Satellite 2001, Adler Special, Adler Standard, Adler Tessy de Luxe Portable, Adler Tippa, Adler Tippa 1, Adler Tippa 2, Adler Tippa S, Adler Universal, Adler Universal 20, Adler Universal 200, Adler Universal 39, Adler Universal 390, Adler Universal 40, Adler Universal 400


Reference numbers

* Indicates source data the current list maintainer has access to. Usually it means we have a copy of the document in question, but it might be in the form of a later edition list. However, for the purposes of validation we have been able to confirm the source.

   
No. Literature
1 * Century of the Typewriter, Wilfred A. Beeching, publ. by the British Typewriter Museum, 1974, 1990, ISBN 0951679007
2 * Joan Sales,"Date your Underwood Typewriter" - Website : http://www.oocities.org/heartland/cottage/5405/serial.htm, reference to Richard Polt
(note: The source for this article was at least partially Ref. #18)
3 Allowance Sheet 1918, made available by Andrew B. Schrader
4 Ernst Martin, Die Schreibmaschine und ihre Entwicklungsgeschichte(The Typewriter and the history of it's developement), publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag and Basten International, 1920 to 1949 and reprints
5 * Darryl Rehr, Antique typewriters, by Schroeder publishing, Los Angeles, 1997, ISBN 0891457577
see: http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/book/book.html
6 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Bruce Beard, Australia
(note: this reference same as #28)
7 * "Liste der Herstellungsdaten gangbarer Schreibmaschinen" Listing of the production dates of commen typewriters), publ. by Wochenschrift für Papier, Otto Hoffmann Verlag, 1941, Berlin, copies contributed by Mr. Paul Roberts, Netherlands. Current copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
8 * Richard Polt, adapted from the book of Paul Lippman, American Typewriters: A Collector's Encyclopedia (1992) and corrected, based on a list publ. in ETCetera #4
see: http://www.aquaporin4.com/etcetera/ETC.04.pdf
9 "Fabriknummernverzeichnis" (Factory number Listing), booklet which could be purchased optionally with book reference No. 4, edition 1941, publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag, Pappenheim 1941
10 "Fabrikationsdaten von Schreibmaschinen", listing of typewriter serial numbers for dealer's, 1942 and 1935, publ. by Carl Teege Verlag, Hamburg
11 Ames Supply General Catalog from 1949
12 Information contributed by Will Davis, see : http://www.hometown.aol.com/page3.html
13 Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslaendischer Schreibmaschinen, 10 Auflage, 1955, publ. by Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg (small book, pre-owned by the Adler Werke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer, Frankfurt)
14 * Leonhard Dingwerth, Kleines Lexikon Historischer Schreibmaschinen (Small Lexicon of Historical Typewriters), publ. by Kunstgrafik Dingwerth, Eichendorffstr. 77, D-33415 Verl
15 * Office Typewriter Age List No. 26, publ. by Smith-Corona, by courtesy of Mr. Ron Fuller, Los Angeles, USA
(note: this reference same as #22)
16 * American Typewriters - A Collector's Encyclopedia by Paul Lippman, 1992, Hoboken
17 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1964, provided by Bill Wahl
18 * Remington Information Binder (The Sheridan Binder), 1950's to 1970's, provided by Richard Polt.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/09/07/in-preparation-for-an-updated-typewriter-serial-number-database-royal-portables/
19 * Interview with P. Birchmeier, Aug. 2012, reported by Georg Sommeregger.
see: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/theportabletypewriterforum/message/31895
20 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1980, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/04/22/national-office-machine-dealer-association-1972-typewriter-age-guide/
21 * VOSS Schreibmaschinen, 2012, published by Georg Sommeregger.
see: https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/VOSS.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_52.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_24_typewriter.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_klein_voss.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_privat.html
22 * Smith-Corona Age List #26, 1960, provided by Bill M.
see: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/typewriter-serial-numbers.html
and: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/moretypewriter-serial-numbers.html
23 * Shipman-Ward Office Machine Dealer's Line Book, Jan 1, 1954, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2013/01/05/shipman-ward-dealers-line-book-1954%E2%80%93part-2-age-lists/
24 * H.F.W. Schramm, Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und ausländischer Schreibmaschinen, 11th edition, Hans Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg 1962 - copy provided by Georg Sommeregger. Additional copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
25 * P. Frensel, Die Entwicklung der ehemaligen DDR-Schreibmaschinen-Produktion (einschliesslich der bis 1945 produzierten Schreibmaschinen in diesem Gebiet sowie der Produktion ab 1990), in: Schreibmaschinen- und Bureau-Zeitung, Nr. 10/1999, Nr. 11/2000, Nr. 12/2000 (originally published in: Mannheimer Hefte für Schriftvergleich, Nr. 1-2/1999) - provided by Georg Sommeregger and later by Otto Koponen
"The development of the former GDR typewriter production (including typewriters produced on its territory until 1945 and production after 1990)"
26 * "The Writing Machine (A history of the typewriter)" Michael H. Adler
27 * "Antique Typewriters from Creed to QWERTY" Michael H. Adler
28 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Dec 1973 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Peter Brill, Australia
(note: this reference same as #6)
29 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1971 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
30 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1980 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
31 * The Business Machines and Equipment Digest, publ. 1927 by Equipment-Research Corporation, copy contributed by Mark Adams.
see: http://type-writer.org/?p=2850
32 * R. Blickensderfer and P. Robert, "The Five-Pound Secretary. An Illustrated History of the Blickensderfer Typewriter", publ. 2003 by The Virtual Typewriter Museum, excerpt contributed by Georg Sommeregger.
33 * Matricolario Olivetti, copy contributed by Enrico Morozzi.
34 * Olivetti Graphika Serial Number List, compiled by Domenico Scarzello.
See: http://www.typewriterstory.com/index.php/ol-graphica
35 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1950. By Carl Teege, Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
36 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1953. Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
37 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, February 1, 1941. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
38 * Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict. Remington Standard typewriter. New York : Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict, [188-?], accessed from the Baker Library, Harvard Business School.
See: http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2574435
39 * Documented Hammond Serial Numbers, V.4 Jan. 1, 2013 through V.7 Jul 20, 2017, Compiled by Peter Weil.
40 * Blick Billheads With Serial Numbers, Compiled by Peter Weil.
41 * Olympia, USA "Allowance Sheet T-58" (approx 1977). From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
42 * IBM Typewriters Serial Numbers 1946 to 1977, Montreal Branch - IBM Canada Ltd. Contributed to Yahoo GolfBallTypewriterShop group by Jacques Coulombe.
43 * Xerox Factbook 1987
See: http://simson.net/ref/Xerox/
44 * IBM Selectric Adjustment & Parts Manual S241-5939-2
45 * Brother Service Update #31, June 20, 1985
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-datecodes-1.jpg
46 * Brother Letter #0203 (10/1979) "How to Determine In-Warranty Typewriters"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-warranty-3.jpg
47 * Brother Service Manuals and Addendums 1974-1990 "The Edsel R. Sanders Collection"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/2014/05/06/a-brotherly-bonanza/
48 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, 1977. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
49 * Brother Group Corporate Profile, 2014
See: http://download.brother.com/pub/com/en/corporate/pdf/2014/broa4_3334_en.pdf
50 * Victor Standard Typewriters, By Will Davis
See: http://web.archive.org/web/20090830084402/http:/geocities.com/wbd641/Victor.html
51 * Die historische Entwicklung des Bet riebes Optima Erfurt (2008), by Eberhard Lippmann. Contributed by Vilhelm Dromberg
52 * Corona: The Personal Writing Machine, by S. L. Johnson
See: http://www.sljohnson.net/typewriter/corona.html
53 * Standard Folding Typewriter by Richard Milton
See: http://www.portabletypewriters.co.uk/portable_typewriters_standard_folding.htm
54 * Collect Folding Coronas, by Paul Lippman
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC004.pdf?page=4
55 * Smith-Corona Parts and Service Manuals (1947-1999) lent by Bill Wahl
56 * Europe - Oliver - SIM - MAS small typewriters, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/collection/OLIVER_SIM_MAS.html
57 * The Montana line of Hermes clones, by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=3598
58 * The Hermes Baby page!, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/collection/hermes_baby.html
59 * American Digest of Business Machines, 1924. Contributed by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/ADBM1924.pdf
60 * "MTE-INV" Mesa Typewriter Exchange Stock Inventory Records 1950 to 1987. Contributed by Bill Wahl.
61 * "Mechanical Typewriters - Their History, Value, and Legacy" by Thomas A. Russo.
62 * "The IBM Model B typewriter" by IBM.
See: https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_intro.html
63 * "Remington Portables" by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/rem-portables.htm
64 * "Moskva and Janalif Research" by Alex Sandler. (plus updates)
See: https://goo.gl/I5X12b, https://goo.gl/z0tSOq, https://goo.gl/4iq9Tz http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html, http://odtype.blogspot.com/2017/02/moskva-5-6-and-7-age-lists.html
65 * "Collector's Guide to Antique Typewriters" Dan Post, Post-Era Books, 1981.
66 * "The Unknown Writing Machine" Don Sutherland in The Antique Trader, 1978.
67 * "Don't Mind My Insanity: Updated Fox Serial Numbers" by Tyler Anderson.
See: https://wordsarewinged.blogspot.com/2016/06/dont-mind-my-insanity-updated-fox.html
68 * "A Very Good Year for Adler Favorit 2's" by Robert Godlieb.
See: http://badonoer.blogspot.com/2016/01/a-very-good-year-for-adler-favorit-2s.html
69 * "FBI Forgery by Typewriter: Re-Examining the Alger Hiss Case - How Did His 1927 Woodstock Become a 1929 Model?" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/fbi-forgery-by-typewriter-re-examining.html
70 * "The Littlest Typewriters: Bennett's Bantamweights" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/littlest-typewriters-bennetts.html
71 * "Re: [TYPEWRITERS] Bennett Typewriter on Yahoo Typewriter Forum" by Thomas Furtig.
72 * "Sabb Schreibmaschine" by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/blog/2016/06/sabb-schreibmaschine/
73 * "Discovering the Studio Musicwriter" by Theodore Munk.
See: Etcetera #109 (link when available)
74 * "The Story of the Typewriter 1873-1923" Herkimer County Historical Society, 1923.
75 * "The Early History of the Typewriter" by Chas. E Weller (1918).
76 * "Old Typewriters" by Duncan James (Shire, 1993).
77 * "Williams Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson, 2016.
78 * "The History of the Typewriter" by Geo. Charles Mares (Gilbert Pitman, London, 1909).
79 * "Emerson Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson & Peter Weil, 2016.
80 * "The Emerson: The Enigma of Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-emerson-enigma-of-typewriters.html
81 * "A History of the Three-Row 'WILLIAMS' Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in Historische Bürowelt No. 21 April 1988, and No. 22 July 1988.
82 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 50-52 1922" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
83 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 6-7 1907" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
84 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 38-40 1918" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
85 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 41 1919" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
86 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 29-32 1915" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
87 * "The Victor Standard Typewriter" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-victor-standard-typewriter.html
88 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Trying to Unravel the Victor Mystery" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/11/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_6.html
89 * "The Franklin Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in ETCetera #1 October, 1987.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC001.pdf
90 * "On This Day in Typewriter History (CVI)" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2011/09/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history-cvi.html
91 * "the Garbell Portable Typewriter" by The Garbell family.
See: http://www.garbell.com/GarbellTypewriter.html
92 * "Garbell Typewriter" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/#!garbell-typewriter/us0eg
93 * "Fox Visible Typewriters - An Overview " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-visible-typewriters-overview.html
94 * "Fox Portable Typewriters and the Demise of Fox Typewriter Company " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-portable-typewriters-and-demise-of.html
95 * "The American Stationer" 1906.
96 * "The American Stationer" 1907.
97 * "Franklin Typewriter Ephemera" collected by Peter Weil, 2016.
98 * "A Bennington Letter" collected by Martin Howard.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC082.pdf
99 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 6, 1921.
100 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 7-8, 1922.
101 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 35-37 1917" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
102 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 44-46 1920" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
103 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Unearthing the Molle" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/01/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_9569.html
104 * "It's pronounced 'Mollie'" by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=4230
105 * "The Iron Age, Volume 79 - 1907".
106 * "Office Appliances Volume 36 - July 1922".
107 * "Office Appliances Volume 34 - July 1921".
108 * "The American Pocket Typewriter and Wellington Parker Kidder's Rochester" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2014/07/the-american-pocket-typewriter-and.html
109 * "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Details - The early days of the Noiseless Typewriter" by Ed Neuert.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC081.pdf
110 * "The Merritt" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2016/09/merritt.html
111 * "Yatran The Heaviest" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/09/yatran-heaviest.html
112 * "Moskva 3 and 4 age lists as of 10-2016" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html
113 * "Portable Typewriters Today - February 2015" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/02/portable-typewriters-today-february-2015.html
114 * "The Early Bar-Lock" and "Bar-Lock Typewriters - Models 4 to 15" by Bert Kerschbaumer.
See: ETCetera #98 & #114
115 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #10 - March, 1960".
116 * "AMES Supply Parts Catalog #11P - Feb., 1965".
117 * "The Amazing Masspro Portable Typewriter: 'Grandson' of the Standard Folding" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-amazing-maspro-portable-typewriter.html
118 * "Masspro Typewriter Page" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/masspro-typewriter
119 * "Carl P. Dietz Collection of Typewriters", by George Herrl, 1965.
120 * "Royal Paint Touch-Up Color List", Rev. June, 1968.
121 * "Olympia SM series (part 1, 1948-1964)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/02/olympia-sm-series-part-1-1948-1964.html
122 * "Olympia SM series (part 2, 1964-1980s)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/04/olympia-sm-series-part-2-1964-1980s.html
123 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #5 - August, 1940".
124 * "1975 Smith-Corona Model Prefix Guide", Discovered by Jonathan Kinser from Smith-Corona research.
125 * "Evolution of the Typewriter", C. V. Oden, 1917.
126 * "1912-1923 The Origins and Evolution of the Typewriter" Various Authors.
127 * "The Swedish Densmore Typewriter" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-swedish-densmore-typewriter.html
128 * "All or Nakajima" by Steve K.
See: https://etzone.org/2017/06/17/all-or-nakajima
129 * Smith-Corona Series Estimates researched by Nick Bodemer, 2017
130 * Research by Peter Weil, and ephemera from The Cornelia and Peter Weil Typewriter Archives
131 * 1963 Hermes Baby Adjustment Manual B3, from the collection of T. Munk
132 * Underwood Age List, from the collection of Tony Casillo
See: http://www.typewritercollector.com/images/underwoodagelist.pdf
133 * 1966 & 1971 Hermes 3000 Adjustment Manuals G4,G6 & 1971, from the collection of Jacques Perrier, Museum of the Typewriter, Lausanne, Switzerland
See: https://www.perrier-sa.ch/musee/boutique/
134 * "Korean Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/01/korean-typewriters.html
135 * 1985 IBM Replacement Guide Form 71K6222, supplied by Clark Hinson from the collection of Roger Brockevelt
136 * "Blickensderfer’s last hurrah as a Remington" by Mark Adams.
See: https://type-writer.org/?p=4294
137 * Blickensderfer Research by Peter Weil, 2017
138 * Etcetera #106-107
139 * "Briefly Blick-Bar" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/briefly-blick-bar.html
140 "Lexikon historischer Schreibmaschinen seit 1940" (Typewriter Lexikon since 1940) published 2008 by Leonhard Dingwerth.
141 * "Olivetti macchine per scrivere meccaniche" published 2013 by Carlo Torchio.
From the collection of Carl Hartmann via Mario Bellini
142 * "The ABC in Detail" by Will Davis and Thomas Fürtig.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/search?q=abc+in+detail
143 * "The Real Story of the Brosette Typewriter and its successor the Jaykay Portable" by Michael A. Brown.
See: http://typexnews.com/links/Brosette.pdf
144 * "A Royal Safari at Eighteen Years on the Net" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-royal-safari-at-eighteen-years-on-net.html
145 "The typewriter industry, The impact of a significant technological innovation" 1970 doctoral dissertation by George Nichols Engler, UCLA.
See: https://archive.org/details/TheTypewriterIndustry
146 * Research by Ian Brumfield
147 * Typewriter pages from Sears Catalogs: 1900-1985 From the collections of Alan Seaver (mostly), Nick Bodemer and T. Munk.
148 * "Ten Most Wanted Typewriters" by Richard Polt.
See: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-10mw.html
149 * Messa Research by Carl Hartmann.
150 * "The Dawn of the Lettera 22" by John Cooper.
See: https://atypeofmadness.com/2019/02/12/the-dawn-of-the-lettera-22
151 * "Litton Drags its Caravan Through the Typewriter Desert" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2019/03/litton-drags-its-caravan-through.html
152 * "Typewriter review: 2019 Royal Classic" by Richard Polt.
See: https://writingball.blogspot.com/2019/03/typewriter-review-2019-royal-classic.html
153 * "GENERATION 3000" by Will Davis.
See: http://www.willdavis.org/Generation3000.html
154 * "Everything New in Portable Typewriters is Old Again" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/12/everything-new-in-portable-typewriters.html
155 * "Pretentious Self-Indulgence, and Also Some Pretty Big Breakthroughs" by Ian Brumfield.
See: http://dailyclipper.retroid.xyz/2019/07/16/pretentious-self-indulgence-and-also-some-pretty-big-breakthroughs
156 "1965-1969 Royal Line Catalog" from the collection of Ian Brumfield.
157 * "Harris Visible, Rex Visible, Demountable; Name variants; Vim Visible" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/01/harris-visible-rex-visible-demountable.html
158 * "1973 NOMDA Blue Book" by National Office Machine Dealers Association.
159 * "Olympia Engineering Bulletin General-3" by ITC, Jan 1, 1969.
160 * "IDENTIFYING AND DATING ANTIQUE CALIGRAPH WRITING MACHINES Nos. 1-4" by Al Sumrall.
See: https://oldhoodooblog.wordpress.com/2020/03/20/identifying-and-dating-antique-caligraph-writing-machines-typewriters-nos-1-4/
161 * "Some Type Writers - Their Origin and Uses" By J. B. Huling in Scientific American #575 - January 8, 1887.
162 * "Typewriter, A Celebration of the Ultimate Writing Machine" by Paul Robert and Peter Weil, 2016.
163 * "The Caligraph Publications" by Paul Robert.
164 * "Magic, Maligners and Malfunctions. Part IV – the Waverley, Maskelyne, Rapid, Salter and Many More." by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2020/07/magic-maligners-and-malfunctions-part.html
165 * "Burroughs Adding Machine Company - Typewriters"
See: http://www.burroughsinfo.com/typewriters.html
166 * "Hall Typewriter Serial Numbers" by Al Sumrall
167 * LC Smith and Corona Service Bulletins (1939-1954) From the collection of T. Munk
168 * "Research on Halberg" by Theo Verkerk
See: https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157289533199678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157248994634678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157259808104678/
169 * Royal Royalite Parts Manuals 1955-1965 From the collection of T. Munk
170 * "FRISTER & ROSSMANN TYPEWRITERS"
See: https://www.fiddlebase.com/frister-rossmann/f-r-typewriters/
171 * Dial-a-Ribbon & Typing by Numbers
See: https://etzone.org/2022/05/05/dial-a-ribbon-typing-by-numbers
172 * etzone - a summary of Sharp's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/sharp-2/
173 * etzone - a summary of Canon's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/canon/
174 * etzone - a summary of Nakajima All's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/nakajima-all/
175 * "Nakajima Model 800 Typewriter: The most surprising machine of ALL" by Robert Messenger
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/07/nakajima-model-800-typewriter-most.html
176 * Établissements Japy Frères, Historique et technologie des machines à écrire, [1946]
From the collection of Georg Sommeregger