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Anell Typewriter Serial Numbers Anell Typewriter Serial Numbers for all Anell typewriter models. Anell Typewriter Serial Numbers for models: 2018-03-14 12:47 Look up Anell Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Anell typewriter models: Find out how old your typewriter is. Look up Anell Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Anell typewriter models:

Anell Typewriter Serial Numbers

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Also known as Brand: Woodstock • Anell

Serial Number Table Last Edited: 03/14/18 12:47
NOTE: dates shown are JAN 1 unless noted, so the serial number shown is the *first* serial number produced the given year. Exceptions are serial numbers preceded by "up to"(where you can assume that the numbers reported in that subsection are DECEMBER 31, END OF YEAR NUMBERS) or rows where a month is given in the month column. If the serial number is shown as a range (xxxx-xxxx) it indicates that we know the entire range of serial numbers for the given year.

Woodstock          
        Woodstock Typewriter Co., Woodstock, U.S.A.  
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.
        Serial Number Location: On right side, top of carriage runway. 31
Nos. 3 and 4          
  1914-1917     Both models have no consequently running s/n's
No. 3: Sept. 1914 to Aug 1915.
No. 4: Early 1915 to Late 1917.
Models 3, 4, 4A, 5B and 5D serial numbered in code, not sequential.
 1,7,9,59
        Last machines from these Models were named "Annell" and sold in 1922 4
           
No. 5          
Prefix B 1916-1920     Models with Prefix "B" have no consequently running serial numbers (numbered in code). No. 5B: 10" Carriage, no dead key. Oct. 1916 to March 1920.
 9,59
Prefix D 1917-1920     Models with Prefix "D" have no consequently running serial numbers (numbered in code). No. 5D: 10" Carriage, dead key. Oct. 1916 to March 1920.
 9,59
Prefix BW 1919-1920     Wide Carriage model (11 3/8") of 5B. Discontinued March 1921.
 9,59
Prefix DW 1919-1921     Wide Carriage model (11 3/8") of 5D. Began June 1920.
 9,59
Prefix BD and DA 1917-1921     Prefix "812" indicates 12 in. Carriage 1+7
Prefix F 1921-1924     Prefix "8J" indicates 14 in. (16 in.) Carriage
Wide Carriage (11 3/8") Replaced Nos. 5BW and 5DW, Variable linespacer. Began early 1921 @ #70,000
 1+7,59
Prefix H 1924-1925     Prefix "8K" indicates 18 in. carriage. 7
Prefix N       Correspondence model, 11 3/8" carriage. 31
           
No. 6       Models 5,6,7 and 8 numbered in same series. 59
Prefix J 1922 01 01 Began Jan 1922 @ # 90,000. Same as 5F except 14 1/2" Carriage. 59
Prefix K 1922 01 04 Began April 1923 @ # 110,757 59
           
No. 7       Models 5,6,7 and 8 numbered in same series. 59
Prefix K 1923-1925     Same as 5F except 18 1/2" Carriage. 59
           
No. 8       Models 5,6,7 and 8 numbered in same series. 59
8-14"       Takes paper 14 1/2" wide. 31
8-18"       Takes paper 18 1/2" wide. 31
8-22"       Takes paper 22 1/2" wide. 31
           
Model Signature          
  1949     Brown coloured, closed machine, plastic keys 4
           
Nos. 5,6,7 and 8        
15000-25000 1917       59
25001-39000 1918       59
39001-50000 1919       59
50001-75000 1920       59
75001-90000 1921       9,59
90001-105000 1922       9
105001-115000 1923       9
115001-131129 1924     Model 5H began #121000 - June, 1924
Model 5HN began #131000 - Dec, 1924 (1/2" ribbon)		 9,69
131130-145000 1925     Models 5N-8J-8K-8L began #141000 - March, 1925 (1/2" ribbon on long carriages) 9,69
145001-159300 1926       9,69
159301-177100 1927       9,69
177101-204500 1928     Prefix "8L" indicates 22 in. carriage. 1,7,9,69
204501-246500 1929     Models 5N-8J-8K-8L change @#220000 - March, 1929 (New style action) 9,69
246501-276000 1930     Models 5N-8J-8K-8L change @#265000 - Aug, 1930 (Die cast base) 9,69
276001-310000 1931     Models 5N-8J-8K-8L change @#300000 - July, 1931 (Die cast top plate) 9,69
310001-345000 1932     Closed-in sides commenced at 324000
Models 5N-8J-8K-8L change @#325000 - June, 1932 (Nickel carriage ends)		 9,69
345001-375000 1933       7
375001-400000 1934       1,7
400001-440000 1935     Key-set Tabulator (as standard equipment) commenced at 437000 7
440001-475000 1936     Typebar hoods commenced at 450000 1
475001-505000 1937     Prefix "826" indicates 26 in. carriage. 1
505001-530000 1938       1
530001-554000 1939     Prefix "N" used for all size carriages after 530000 1
554001-579799 1940       1
579800-601999 1941       1
602000-622999 1942       1
623000-642999 1943       1
643000-662999 1944       1
663000-729999 1945       1
730000-782999 1946       1
783000-855999 1947     Basket Shift at 839000 1
856000-891999 1948       1
892000-999999 1949       1
1000000-1056000 1950     Final Woodstock Serial # was 1056000. R. C. Allen takes over Woodstock in early 1950. 1,18
           
           
Electric          
           
Electrite       Motor-operated model 5N, 8-14", 8-18" or 8-22". 31
1 1924 01 01   31
6000 1925 01 01   31
12000 1926 01 01   31
19000 1927 01 01   31
22000 1927 05 01 BMED 1927 last serial number sample May 1927. Final serial unknown. 31

Anell Typewriter: Links to History

Reference numbers

* Indicates source data the current list maintainer has access to. Usually it means we have a copy of the document in question, but it might be in the form of a later edition list. However, for the purposes of validation we have been able to confirm the source.

   
No. Literature
1 * Century of the Typewriter, Wilfred A. Beeching, publ. by the British Typewriter Museum, 1974, 1990, ISBN 0951679007
2 * Joan Sales,"Date your Underwood Typewriter" - Website : http://www.oocities.org/heartland/cottage/5405/serial.htm, reference to Richard Polt
(note: The source for this article was at least partially Ref. #18)
3 Allowance Sheet 1918, made available by Andrew B. Schrader
4 Ernst Martin, Die Schreibmaschine und ihre Entwicklungsgeschichte(The Typewriter and the history of it's developement), publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag and Basten International, 1920 to 1949 and reprints
5 * Darryl Rehr, Antique typewriters, by Schroeder publishing, Los Angeles, 1997, ISBN 0891457577
see: http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/book/book.html
6 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Bruce Beard, Australia
(note: this reference same as #28)
7 * "Liste der Herstellungsdaten gangbarer Schreibmaschinen" Listing of the production dates of commen typewriters), publ. by Wochenschrift für Papier, Otto Hoffmann Verlag, 1941, Berlin, copies contributed by Mr. Paul Roberts, Netherlands. Current copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
8 * Richard Polt, adapted from the book of Paul Lippman, American Typewriters: A Collector's Encyclopedia (1992) and corrected, based on a list publ. in ETCetera #4
see: http://www.aquaporin4.com/etcetera/ETC.04.pdf
9 "Fabriknummernverzeichnis" (Factory number Listing), booklet which could be purchased optionally with book reference No. 4, edition 1941, publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag, Pappenheim 1941
10 "Fabrikationsdaten von Schreibmaschinen", listing of typewriter serial numbers for dealer's, 1942 and 1935, publ. by Carl Teege Verlag, Hamburg
11 Ames Supply General Catalog from 1949
12 Information contributed by Will Davis, see : http://www.hometown.aol.com/page3.html
13 Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslaendischer Schreibmaschinen, 10 Auflage, 1955, publ. by Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg (small book, pre-owned by the Adler Werke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer, Frankfurt)
14 * Leonhard Dingwerth, Kleines Lexikon Historischer Schreibmaschinen (Small Lexicon of Historical Typewriters), publ. by Kunstgrafik Dingwerth, Eichendorffstr. 77, D-33415 Verl
15 * Office Typewriter Age List No. 26, publ. by Smith-Corona, by courtesy of Mr. Ron Fuller, Los Angeles, USA
(note: this reference same as #22)
16 * American Typewriters - A Collector's Encyclopedia by Paul Lippman, 1992, Hoboken
17 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1964, provided by Bill Wahl
18 * Remington Information Binder (The Sheridan Binder), 1950's to 1970's, provided by Richard Polt.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/09/07/in-preparation-for-an-updated-typewriter-serial-number-database-royal-portables/
19 * Interview with P. Birchmeier, Aug. 2012, reported by Georg Sommeregger.
see: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/theportabletypewriterforum/message/31895
20 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1980, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/04/22/national-office-machine-dealer-association-1972-typewriter-age-guide/
21 * VOSS Schreibmaschinen, 2012, published by Georg Sommeregger.
see: https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/VOSS.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_52.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_24_typewriter.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_klein_voss.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_privat.html
22 * Smith-Corona Age List #26, 1960, provided by Bill M.
see: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/typewriter-serial-numbers.html
and: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/moretypewriter-serial-numbers.html
23 * Shipman-Ward Office Machine Dealer's Line Book, Jan 1, 1954, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2013/01/05/shipman-ward-dealers-line-book-1954%E2%80%93part-2-age-lists/
24 * H.F.W. Schramm, Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und ausländischer Schreibmaschinen, 11th edition, Hans Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg 1962 - copy provided by Georg Sommeregger. Additional copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
25 * P. Frensel, Die Entwicklung der ehemaligen DDR-Schreibmaschinen-Produktion (einschliesslich der bis 1945 produzierten Schreibmaschinen in diesem Gebiet sowie der Produktion ab 1990), in: Schreibmaschinen- und Bureau-Zeitung, Nr. 10/1999, Nr. 11/2000, Nr. 12/2000 (originally published in: Mannheimer Hefte für Schriftvergleich, Nr. 1-2/1999) - provided by Georg Sommeregger and later by Otto Koponen
"The development of the former GDR typewriter production (including typewriters produced on its territory until 1945 and production after 1990)"
26 * "The Writing Machine (A history of the typewriter)" Michael H. Adler
27 * "Antique Typewriters from Creed to QWERTY" Michael H. Adler
28 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Dec 1973 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Peter Brill, Australia
(note: this reference same as #6)
29 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1971 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
30 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1980 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
31 * The Business Machines and Equipment Digest, publ. 1927 by Equipment-Research Corporation, copy contributed by Mark Adams.
see: http://type-writer.org/?p=2850
32 * R. Blickensderfer and P. Robert, "The Five-Pound Secretary. An Illustrated History of the Blickensderfer Typewriter", publ. 2003 by The Virtual Typewriter Museum, excerpt contributed by Georg Sommeregger.
33 * Matricolario Olivetti, copy contributed by Enrico Morozzi.
34 * Olivetti Graphika Serial Number List, compiled by Domenico Scarzello.
See: http://www.typewriterstory.com/index.php/ol-graphica
35 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1950. By Carl Teege, Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
36 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1953. Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
37 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, February 1, 1941. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
38 * Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict. Remington Standard typewriter. New York : Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict, [188-?], accessed from the Baker Library, Harvard Business School.
See: http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2574435
39 * Documented Hammond Serial Numbers, V.4 Jan. 1, 2013 through V.7 Jul 20, 2017, Compiled by Peter Weil.
40 * Blick Billheads With Serial Numbers, Compiled by Peter Weil.
41 * Olympia, USA "Allowance Sheet T-58" (approx 1977). From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
42 * IBM Typewriters Serial Numbers 1946 to 1977, Montreal Branch - IBM Canada Ltd. Contributed to Yahoo GolfBallTypewriterShop group by Jacques Coulombe.
43 * Xerox Factbook 1987
See: http://simson.net/ref/Xerox/
44 * IBM Selectric Adjustment & Parts Manual S241-5939-2
45 * Brother Service Update #31, June 20, 1985
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-datecodes-1.jpg
46 * Brother Letter #0203 (10/1979) "How to Determine In-Warranty Typewriters"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-warranty-3.jpg
47 * Brother Service Manuals and Addendums 1974-1990 "The Edsel R. Sanders Collection"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/2014/05/06/a-brotherly-bonanza/
48 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, 1977. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
49 * Brother Group Corporate Profile, 2014
See: http://download.brother.com/pub/com/en/corporate/pdf/2014/broa4_3334_en.pdf
50 * Victor Standard Typewriters, By Will Davis
See: http://web.archive.org/web/20090830084402/http:/geocities.com/wbd641/Victor.html
51 * Die historische Entwicklung des Bet riebes Optima Erfurt (2008), by Eberhard Lippmann. Contributed by Vilhelm Dromberg
52 * Corona: The Personal Writing Machine, by S. L. Johnson
See: http://www.sljohnson.net/typewriter/corona.html
53 * Standard Folding Typewriter by Richard Milton
See: http://www.portabletypewriters.co.uk/portable_typewriters_standard_folding.htm
54 * Collect Folding Coronas, by Paul Lippman
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC004.pdf?page=4
55 * Smith-Corona Parts and Service Manuals (1947-1999) lent by Bill Wahl
56 * Europe - Oliver - SIM - MAS small typewriters, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: https://sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/OLIVER_SIM_MAS.html
57 * The Montana line of Hermes clones, by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=3598
58 * The Hermes Baby page!, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/collection/hermes_baby.html
59 * American Digest of Business Machines, 1924. Contributed by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/ADBM1924.pdf
60 * "MTE-INV" Mesa Typewriter Exchange Stock Inventory Records 1950 to 1987. Contributed by Bill Wahl.
61 * "Mechanical Typewriters - Their History, Value, and Legacy" by Thomas A. Russo.
62 * "The IBM Model B typewriter" by IBM.
See: https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_intro.html
63 * "Remington Portables" by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/rem-portables.htm
64 * "Moskva and Janalif Research" by Alex Sandler. (plus updates)
See: https://goo.gl/I5X12b, https://goo.gl/z0tSOq, https://goo.gl/4iq9Tz http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html, http://odtype.blogspot.com/2017/02/moskva-5-6-and-7-age-lists.html
65 * "Collector's Guide to Antique Typewriters" Dan Post, Post-Era Books, 1981.
66 * "The Unknown Writing Machine" Don Sutherland in The Antique Trader, 1978.
67 * "Don't Mind My Insanity: Updated Fox Serial Numbers" by Tyler Anderson.
See: https://wordsarewinged.blogspot.com/2016/06/dont-mind-my-insanity-updated-fox.html
68 * "A Very Good Year for Adler Favorit 2's" by Robert Godlieb.
See: http://badonoer.blogspot.com/2016/01/a-very-good-year-for-adler-favorit-2s.html
69 * "FBI Forgery by Typewriter: Re-Examining the Alger Hiss Case - How Did His 1927 Woodstock Become a 1929 Model?" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/fbi-forgery-by-typewriter-re-examining.html
70 * "The Littlest Typewriters: Bennett's Bantamweights" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/littlest-typewriters-bennetts.html
71 * "Re: [TYPEWRITERS] Bennett Typewriter on Yahoo Typewriter Forum" by Thomas Furtig.
72 * "Sabb Schreibmaschine" by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/blog/2016/06/sabb-schreibmaschine/
73 * "Discovering the Studio Musicwriter" by Theodore Munk.
See: Etcetera #109 (link when available)
74 * "The Story of the Typewriter 1873-1923" Herkimer County Historical Society, 1923.
75 * "The Early History of the Typewriter" by Chas. E Weller (1918).
76 * "Old Typewriters" by Duncan James (Shire, 1993).
77 * "Williams Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson, 2016.
78 * "The History of the Typewriter" by Geo. Charles Mares (Gilbert Pitman, London, 1909).
79 * "Emerson Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson & Peter Weil, 2016.
80 * "The Emerson: The Enigma of Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-emerson-enigma-of-typewriters.html
81 * "A History of the Three-Row 'WILLIAMS' Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in Historische Bürowelt No. 21 April 1988, and No. 22 July 1988.
82 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 50-52 1922" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
83 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 6-7 1907" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
84 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 38-40 1918" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
85 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 41 1919" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
86 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 29-32 1915" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
87 * "The Victor Standard Typewriter" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-victor-standard-typewriter.html
88 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Trying to Unravel the Victor Mystery" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/11/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_6.html
89 * "The Franklin Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in ETCetera #1 October, 1987.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC001.pdf
90 * "On This Day in Typewriter History (CVI)" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2011/09/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history-cvi.html
91 * "the Garbell Portable Typewriter" by The Garbell family.
See: http://www.garbell.com/GarbellTypewriter.html
92 * "Garbell Typewriter" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/#!garbell-typewriter/us0eg
93 * "Fox Visible Typewriters - An Overview " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-visible-typewriters-overview.html
94 * "Fox Portable Typewriters and the Demise of Fox Typewriter Company " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-portable-typewriters-and-demise-of.html
95 * "The American Stationer" 1906.
96 * "The American Stationer" 1907.
97 * "Franklin Typewriter Ephemera" collected by Peter Weil, 2016.
98 * "A Bennington Letter" collected by Martin Howard.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC082.pdf
99 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 6, 1921.
100 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 7-8, 1922.
101 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 35-37 1917" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
102 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 44-46 1920" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
103 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Unearthing the Molle" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/01/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_9569.html
104 * "It's pronounced 'Mollie'" by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=4230
105 * "The Iron Age, Volume 79 - 1907".
106 * "Office Appliances Volume 36 - July 1922".
107 * "Office Appliances Volume 34 - July 1921".
108 * "The American Pocket Typewriter and Wellington Parker Kidder's Rochester" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2014/07/the-american-pocket-typewriter-and.html
109 * "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Details - The early days of the Noiseless Typewriter" by Ed Neuert.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC081.pdf
110 * "The Merritt" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2016/09/merritt.html
111 * "Yatran The Heaviest" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/09/yatran-heaviest.html
112 * "Moskva 3 and 4 age lists as of 10-2016" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html
113 * "Portable Typewriters Today - February 2015" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/02/portable-typewriters-today-february-2015.html
114 * "The Early Bar-Lock" and "Bar-Lock Typewriters - Models 4 to 15" by Bert Kerschbaumer.
See: ETCetera #98 & #114
115 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #10 - March, 1960".
116 * "AMES Supply Parts Catalog #11P - Feb., 1965".
117 * "The Amazing Masspro Portable Typewriter: 'Grandson' of the Standard Folding" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-amazing-maspro-portable-typewriter.html
118 * "Masspro Typewriter Page" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/masspro-typewriter
119 * "Carl P. Dietz Collection of Typewriters", by George Herrl, 1965.
120 * "Royal Paint Touch-Up Color List", Rev. June, 1968.
121 * "Olympia SM series (part 1, 1948-1964)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/02/olympia-sm-series-part-1-1948-1964.html
122 * "Olympia SM series (part 2, 1964-1980s)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/04/olympia-sm-series-part-2-1964-1980s.html
123 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #5 - August, 1940".
124 * "1975 Smith-Corona Model Prefix Guide", Discovered by Jonathan Kinser from Smith-Corona research.
125 * "Evolution of the Typewriter", C. V. Oden, 1917.
126 * "1912-1923 The Origins and Evolution of the Typewriter" Various Authors.
127 * "The Swedish Densmore Typewriter" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-swedish-densmore-typewriter.html
128 * "All or Nakajima" by Steve K.
See: https://etzone.org/2017/06/17/all-or-nakajima
129 * Smith-Corona Series Estimates researched by Nick Bodemer, 2017
130 * Research by Peter Weil, and ephemera from The Cornelia and Peter Weil Typewriter Archives
131 * 1963 Hermes Baby Adjustment Manual B3, from the collection of T. Munk
132 * Underwood Age List, from the collection of Tony Casillo
See: http://www.typewritercollector.com/images/underwoodagelist.pdf
133 * 1966 & 1971 Hermes 3000 Adjustment Manuals G4,G6 & 1971, from the collection of Jacques Perrier, Museum of the Typewriter, Lausanne, Switzerland
See: https://www.perrier-sa.ch/musee/boutique/
134 * "Korean Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/01/korean-typewriters.html
135 * 1985 IBM Replacement Guide Form 71K6222, supplied by Clark Hinson from the collection of Roger Brockevelt
136 * "Blickensderfer’s last hurrah as a Remington" by Mark Adams.
See: https://type-writer.org/?p=4294
137 * Blickensderfer Research by Peter Weil, 2017
138 * Etcetera #106-107
139 * "Briefly Blick-Bar" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/briefly-blick-bar.html
140 "Lexikon historischer Schreibmaschinen seit 1940" (Typewriter Lexikon since 1940) published 2008 by Leonhard Dingwerth.
141 * "Olivetti macchine per scrivere meccaniche" published 2013 by Carlo Torchio.
From the collection of Carl Hartmann via Mario Bellini
142 * "The ABC in Detail" by Will Davis and Thomas Fürtig.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/search?q=abc+in+detail
143 * "The Real Story of the Brosette Typewriter and its successor the Jaykay Portable" by Michael A. Brown.
See: http://typexnews.com/links/Brosette.pdf
144 * "A Royal Safari at Eighteen Years on the Net" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-royal-safari-at-eighteen-years-on-net.html
145 "The typewriter industry, The impact of a significant technological innovation" 1970 doctoral dissertation by George Nichols Engler, UCLA.
See: https://archive.org/details/TheTypewriterIndustry
146 * Research by Ian Brumfield
147 * Typewriter pages from Sears Catalogs: 1900-1985 From the collections of Alan Seaver (mostly), Nick Bodemer and T. Munk.
148 * "Ten Most Wanted Typewriters" by Richard Polt.
See: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-10mw.html
149 * Messa Research by Carl Hartmann.
150 * "The Dawn of the Lettera 22" by John Cooper.
See: https://atypeofmadness.com/2019/02/12/the-dawn-of-the-lettera-22
151 * "Litton Drags its Caravan Through the Typewriter Desert" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2019/03/litton-drags-its-caravan-through.html
152 * "Typewriter review: 2019 Royal Classic" by Richard Polt.
See: https://writingball.blogspot.com/2019/03/typewriter-review-2019-royal-classic.html
153 * "GENERATION 3000" by Will Davis.
See: http://www.willdavis.org/Generation3000.html
154 * "Everything New in Portable Typewriters is Old Again" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/12/everything-new-in-portable-typewriters.html
155 * "Pretentious Self-Indulgence, and Also Some Pretty Big Breakthroughs" by Ian Brumfield.
See: http://dailyclipper.retroid.xyz/2019/07/16/pretentious-self-indulgence-and-also-some-pretty-big-breakthroughs
156 "1965-1969 Royal Line Catalog" from the collection of Ian Brumfield.
157 * "Harris Visible, Rex Visible, Demountable; Name variants; Vim Visible" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/01/harris-visible-rex-visible-demountable.html
158 * "1973 NOMDA Blue Book" by National Office Machine Dealers Association.
159 * "Olympia Engineering Bulletin General-3" by ITC, Jan 1, 1969.
160 * "IDENTIFYING AND DATING ANTIQUE CALIGRAPH WRITING MACHINES Nos. 1-4" by Al Sumrall.
See: https://oldhoodooblog.wordpress.com/2020/03/20/identifying-and-dating-antique-caligraph-writing-machines-typewriters-nos-1-4/
161 * "Some Type Writers - Their Origin and Uses" By J. B. Huling in Scientific American #575 - January 8, 1887.
162 * "Typewriter, A Celebration of the Ultimate Writing Machine" by Paul Robert and Peter Weil, 2016.
163 * "The Caligraph Publications" by Paul Robert.
164 * "Magic, Maligners and Malfunctions. Part IV – the Waverley, Maskelyne, Rapid, Salter and Many More." by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2020/07/magic-maligners-and-malfunctions-part.html
165 * "Burroughs Adding Machine Company - Typewriters"
See: http://www.burroughsinfo.com/typewriters.html
166 * "Hall Typewriter Serial Numbers" by Al Sumrall
167 * LC Smith and Corona Service Bulletins (1939-1954) From the collection of T. Munk
168 * "Research on Halberg" by Theo Verkerk
See: https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157289533199678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157248994634678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157259808104678/
169 * Royal Royalite Parts Manuals 1955-1965 From the collection of T. Munk
170 * "FRISTER & ROSSMANN TYPEWRITERS"
See: https://www.fiddlebase.com/frister-rossmann/f-r-typewriters/
171 * Dial-a-Ribbon & Typing by Numbers
See: https://etzone.org/2022/05/05/dial-a-ribbon-typing-by-numbers
172 * etzone - a summary of Sharp's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/sharp-2/
173 * etzone - a summary of Canon's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/canon/
174 * etzone - a summary of Nakajima All's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/nakajima-all/
175 * "Nakajima Model 800 Typewriter: The most surprising machine of ALL" by Robert Messenger
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/07/nakajima-model-800-typewriter-most.html
176 * Établissements Japy Frères, Historique et technologie des machines à écrire, [1946]
From the collection of Georg Sommeregger
177 *Leeftijdslijst van Schrijfmachines [1958]
From the collection of Robert Godlieb

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