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Underwood Typewriter Serial Numbers Underwood Typewriter Serial Numbers for all Underwood typewriter models. Underwood Typewriter Serial Numbers for models: Underwood 1, Underwood 12, Underwood 140, Underwood 18, Underwood 19, Underwood 198, Underwood 2, Underwood 20, Underwood 21, Underwood 22, Underwood 255, Underwood 256, Underwood 3, Underwood 310, Underwood 314, Underwood 315, Underwood 319, Underwood 330, Underwood 378, Underwood 4, Underwood 4 Bank, Underwood 450, Underwood 46, Underwood 46 T, Underwood 478, Underwood 5, Underwood 6, Underwood Ace, Underwood All-Electric, Underwood Bookkeeping Machine, Underwood Champion, Underwood Correspondent, Underwood Crest, Underwood De Luxe, Underwood DeLuxe Leader, Underwood Documentor, Underwood Electric 555, Underwood Electric 565, Underwood Electric 565 CR, Underwood F, Underwood Finger Flite Champion, Underwood Finger Flite Universal, Underwood Finger-Flite Champion, Underwood Five, Underwood Forum, Underwood Golden Touch, Underwood Home Mark, Underwood Jewell, Underwood Junior, Underwood Leader, Underwood Master, Underwood No 5, Underwood Noiseless, Underwood Noiseless 77, Underwood Noiseless Portable, Underwood Noiseless Standard, Underwood Portable 3 Bank, Underwood Portable 4 Bank, Underwood Raphael, Underwood Rhythm Touch, Underwood Rhythm Writer, Underwood S, Underwood Scriptor, Underwood SS, Underwood Star, Underwood Student, Underwood SX, Underwood Touchmaster Five, Underwood Touchmaster II, Underwood Typemaster, Underwood Universal, Underwood Western Union Special 2023-12-29 07:58 Look up Underwood Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Underwood typewriter models: Underwood 1, Underwood 12, Underwood 140, Underwood 18, Underwood 19, Underwood 198, Underwood 2, Underwood 20, Underwood 21, Underwood 22, Underwood 255, Underwood 256, Underwood 3, Underwood 310, Underwood 314, Underwood 315, Underwood 319, Underwood 330, Underwood 378, Underwood 4, Underwood 4 Bank, Underwood 450, Underwood 46, Underwood 46 T, Underwood 478, Underwood 5, Underwood 6, Underwood Ace, Underwood All-Electric, Underwood Bookkeeping Machine, Underwood Champion, Underwood Correspondent, Underwood Crest, Underwood De Luxe, Underwood DeLuxe Leader, Underwood Documentor, Underwood Electric 555, Underwood Electric 565, Underwood Electric 565 CR, Underwood F, Underwood Finger Flite Champion, Underwood Finger Flite Universal, Underwood Finger-Flite Champion, Underwood Five, Underwood Forum, Underwood Golden Touch, Underwood Home Mark, Underwood Jewell, Underwood Junior, Underwood Leader, Underwood Master, Underwood No 5, Underwood Noiseless, Underwood Noiseless 77, Underwood Noiseless Portable, Underwood Noiseless Standard, Underwood Portable 3 Bank, Underwood Portable 4 Bank, Underwood Raphael, Underwood Rhythm Touch, Underwood Rhythm Writer, Underwood S, Underwood Scriptor, Underwood SS, Underwood Star, Underwood Student, Underwood SX, Underwood Touchmaster Five, Underwood Touchmaster II, Underwood Typemaster, Underwood Universal, Underwood Western Union Special Find out how old your typewriter is. Look up Underwood Typewriter Serial Numbers to find the ages for Underwood typewriter models: Underwood 1, Underwood 12, Underwood 140, Underwood 18, Underwood 19, Underwood 198, Underwood 2, Underwood 20, Underwood 21, Underwood 22, Underwood 255, Underwood 256, Underwood 3, Underwood 310, Underwood 314, Underwood 315, Underwood 319, Underwood 330, Underwood 378, Underwood 4, Underwood 4 Bank, Underwood 450, Underwood 46, Underwood 46 T, Underwood 478, Underwood 5, Underwood 6, Underwood Ace, Underwood All-Electric, Underwood Bookkeeping Machine, Underwood Champion, Underwood Correspondent, Underwood Crest, Underwood De Luxe, Underwood DeLuxe Leader, Underwood Documentor, Underwood Electric 555, Underwood Electric 565, Underwood Electric 565 CR, Underwood F, Underwood Finger Flite Champion, Underwood Finger Flite Universal, Underwood Finger-Flite Champion, Underwood Five, Underwood Forum, Underwood Golden Touch, Underwood Home Mark, Underwood Jewell, Underwood Junior, Underwood Leader, Underwood Master, Underwood No 5, Underwood Noiseless, Underwood Noiseless 77, Underwood Noiseless Portable, Underwood Noiseless Standard, Underwood Portable 3 Bank, Underwood Portable 4 Bank, Underwood Raphael, Underwood Rhythm Touch, Underwood Rhythm Writer, Underwood S, Underwood Scriptor, Underwood SS, Underwood Star, Underwood Student, Underwood SX, Underwood Touchmaster Five, Underwood Touchmaster II, Underwood Typemaster, Underwood Universal, Underwood Western Union Special

Underwood Typewriter Serial Numbers

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Also known as Elliot FisherUnderwood (Antares)Underwood-Elliot-FisherVideo

Serial Number Table Last Edited: 12/29/23 07:58
NOTE: dates shown are JAN 1 unless noted, so the serial number shown is the *first* serial number produced the given year. Exceptions are serial numbers preceded by "up to"(where you can assume that the numbers reported in that subsection are DECEMBER 31, END OF YEAR NUMBERS) or rows where a month is given in the month column. If the serial number is shown as a range (xxxx-xxxx) it indicates that we know the entire range of serial numbers for the given year.

Patents:

• Granted:
Underwood Corp., New York, U.S.A.
Underwood leaves Hardford, Conn in 1968.
Olivetti purchases control of Underwood in 1959.
Olivetti purchases all of Underwood in 1963, and becomes Underwood-Olivetti. US-made Underwood portables discontinued, but US-made Standards and Electrics continue until the end of the 1960's.
146
Platen Diameter       Standards: 1.75" (44.45mm) Portables: 1.574" (40mm) 24
           
Models and s/n Y M D Remarks Ref.
           

Manual Standards

Serial Number Location: On the top right side casting just forward of the "U" shaped design in the casting. The model number is stamped on the panel inside of the forward end of this "U" shape section, being what would appear a continuation of the serial number. 31

No. 1 and No. 2

No. 1: 76 Characters, regular carriage
No. 2: 84 Characters, regular carriage
31
     
1001 1897 Apr 7   2,6,132
1500 1897 Nov 11   2,6,132
2000 1898 Apr 5   132
3000 1898 Nov 11   132
4000 1899 Mar 7   132
5000 1899 May 25   132
8000 1899 Dec 4   132
10000 1900 Feb 16   132
12000 1900 May 19   132
  1900     No. 1 and 2 discontinued in 1900. 2,6,31
           

No. 3-12, 3-14 and 3-16 • 12", 14" and 16" carriages

  No. 3-12, 3-14 and 3-16: 84 Characters, same as No. 5 except with 12", 14" or 16" carriage.
31
1 1900 Feb 14   2,6
500 1901     Approximation.  
900 1902 Jan 1   31
950 1902 Feb 15   132
1500 1903 Jan 2   2,6,31
1600 1903 Jan 23   132
2500 1903 Sept 11 Rack escapement below #3000, changed to Rotary escapement after #3000. 31,132
3500 1904 Jan 1   13,31
4000 1904 Jun 13   132
5151 1904 Dec 26   132
5200 1905 Jan 1   13,31
6000 1905 Apr 9   132
7500 1905 Aug 31   132
9000 1906 Jan 1   31
10000 1906 Apr 25   2,6,132
12000 1906 Sept 27   132
14000 1907 Jan 1   31
15000 1907 Mar 27   2,6,132
18000 1907 Jul 30   132
20000 1907 Nov 22 Automatic ribbon reverse begins around #19300 2,6,31
20000 1908 Jan 1   31
22000 1908 Mar 18   132
24000 1908 Jul 22   132
25000 1908 Oct 9   2,6
26000 1908 Oct 13   132
28000 1908 Dec 5   132
28500 1909 Jan 1   31
30000 1909 Mar 17   2,6,132
32000 1909 May 28 Two-color bichrome ribbon and Backspacer begins around #32500. 31,132
34000 1909 Jul 30   132
35000 1909 Sep 6 Improved paper feed begins around #35000 2,6,31
36000 1909 Oct 14   132
38000 1910 Jan 6   31,132
40000 1910 Feb 20   132
45000 1910 Aug 26   132
50000 1910 Dec 21   132
51000 1911 Jan 1   31
55000 1911 Apr 12 First Model G around #55600, Improved paper guide begins around #56000. 31,132
60000 1911 Jul 18   132
65000 1911 Dec 2   132
67000 1912 Jan 1   31
70000 1912 Feb 28   132
75000 1912 Jul 11   132
80000 1912 Aug 22   132
85000 1912 Nov 13 First Model H from around #85500. 31,132
88000 1913 Jan 1   31
90000 1913 Jan 22   132
95000 1913 Mar 26   132
100000 1913 Jun 11   132
105000 1913 Sept 23   132
108000 1913 Dec     2,6
110000 1914 Jan 14   31,132
115000 1914 Apr 1   132
120000 1914 May 29 Variable line spacer begins around #120000. 31,132
125000 1914 Aug 12   132
128000 1915 Jan 1   31
130000 1915 Feb 9 Key S/L began about 132000 2,6,132
135000 1915 Apr 28   132
140000 1915 Jul 21   132
145000 1915 Sept 23   132
150000 1915 Dec 15   132
152000 1916 Jan 1   31
155000 1916 Jul 1   2,6
160000 1916 Apr   Improved shift lock started around #160000. 31,132
170000 1916 Jul     132
171000 1916 Aug     132
173000 1916 Sept     132
175000 1916 Sept     132
178000 1916 Oct     132
180000 1917 Jan 1   31,132
186000 1917 Jan ??   2,6
190000 1917 Mar     132
195000 1917 Apr     132
199000 1917 May     2,6,132
200000 1917 Jun     132
210000 1917 Oct     132
220000 1918 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
230000 1918 Apr     132
240000 1918 Jul     132
245000 1918 Nov     132
250000 1919 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
260000 1919 May     132
265000 1919 Jul     132
270000 1919 Sept     132
275000 1919 Nov     132
280000 1919 Dec     132
284000 1920 Jan 1   2,6
285000 1920 Feb     132
290000 1920 Mar     132
295000 1920 Apr     132
300000 1920 Apr     132
305000 1920 May     132
310000 1920 June     132
312000 1920 Jul 1   2,6,31
315000 1920 Aug     132
320000 1920 Sept     132
325000 1920 Oct     132
330000 1920 Nov     132
335000 1921 Jan 1   31,132
340000 1921 Feb     132
345000 1921 Mar     132
350000 1921 Apr     132
355000 1921 Jul 1   2,6,31, 132
360000 1921 Aug     132
365000 1921 Oct     132
370000 1922 Jan 1   31,132
375000 1922 Feb     132
380000 1922 Mar     132
385000 1922 Jun/July     31,132
390000 1922 Aug   First Model K from around #390000. 31,132
400000 1922 Oct     132
405000 1922 Nov     132
410000 1922 Dec     132
415000 1923 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
420000 1923 Mar 5   2,6,132
425000 1923 Apr     132
430000 1923 May     132
435000 1923 Jun     132
440000 1923 Jul     132
445000 1923 Sep     132
449000 1923 Oct     132
455001 1923 Oct 23 Rising scale began about #455000 2,6,132
460000 1923 Dec     132
465000 1924 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
470000 1924 Feb     132
475000 1924 Mar     132
480000 1924 Apr     132
483000 1924 May     132
487000 1924 Jun     132
490000 1924 Jul     2,6,31, 132
495000 1924 Oct     132
500000 1924 Nov     132
505000 1924 Dec     132
510000 1925 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
515000 1925 Feb     132
520000 1925 Feb     132
525000 1925 Apr     132
530000 1925 Apr     132
535000 1925 Apr     132
540000 1925 May     132
545000 1925 Jul 1   2,6,31, 132
550000 1925 Sept     132
555000 1925 Oct     132
560000 1925 Nov     132
565000 1925 Dec     132
570000 1926 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
575000 1926 Jan     132
580000 1926 Feb     132
585000 1926 Mar     132
590000 1926 Apr     132
595000 1926 May     132
600000 1926 Jun     132
605000 1926 Jul     132
610000 1926 Aug     132
615000 1926 Oct     132
620000 1926 Oct     132
625000 1926 Dec     132
630000 1926 Dec     132
635000 1927 Jan   Model No. 3 11" put on the market in 1927 2,6,132
640000 1927 Feb     132
645000 1927 Mar     132
650000 1927 Mar     132
655000 1927 Apr     132
660000 1927 May     132
665000 1927 Jul     132
670000 1927 Jul     132
675000 1927 Jul     132
680000 1927 Aug     132
685000 1927 Aug     132
690000 1927 Sept     132
695000 1927 Oct     132
700000 1927 Nov     132
705000 1927 Nov     132
710000 1927 Dec     132
715000 1928 Jan     2,6,132
720000 1928 Feb     132
725000 1928 Feb     132
730000 1928 Mar     132
735000 1928 Mar     132
740000 1928 Mar     132
746000 1928 Apr     132
804000 1929 Jan 1   2,6
3000001 1929 Aug 1 Wide carriage Underwood run concurrently with standard carriage 2,6
3635000 1930 Jan 1 Top ribbon switch began about #3690000 2,6
3825000 1931 Jan 1   2,6
           

No. 3-18, 3-20 and 3-26 • 18", 20" and 26" carriages

  No. 3-18, 3-20 and 3-26: 84 Characters, same as No. 5 except with 18", 20" or 26" carriage.
31
1 1903 Sep 14   2,6,132
100 1904 Jun 2   2,6,31
200 1904 Jul 19   132
450 1905 Jan 1   31
500 1905 Mar 20   132
1000 1905 Nov 1   132
1100 1906 Jan 1   31
1500 1906 Jun 6   2,6,132
2000 1906 Nov 17   132
2100 1907 Jan 1   31
2500 1907 Apr 27   2,6,132
3000 1907 Sept 4   132
3175 1907 Oct 24 Rack escapement below #3200, changed to Rotary escapement after #3200. 31,132
3500 1908 Jan 21   2,6,31
4101 1908 May 14   132
4300 1908 Jul 10   132
4500 1908 Sept 10   132
4700 1908 Nov 16   132
5000 1908 Dec 15   132
5200 1908 Dec 21   132
5400 1909 Jan 26   132
5500 1909 Feb 26   2,6
5600 1909 Mar 1   132
5800 1909 May 11 Automatic ribbon reverse begins around #5900 31,132
6000 1909 May 28 B/S and Bichrome began about 6000 2,6,132
6202 1909 Jun 28   132
6400 1909 Jul 21   132
6600 1909 Sept 1 Improved paper feed begins around #6600 31,132
6800 1909 Sept 29   132
7000 1909 Oct 22   132
7200 1909 Dec 17   132
7300 1910 Jan 1   2,6,31
7400 1910 Feb 20   132
8000 1910 May 12   132
8500 1910 June 28   132
9000 1910 Aug 30   132
9500 1910 Nov 3   132
9800 1911 Jan 1   2,6,31
10000 1911 Jan 13   2,6,132
10500 1911 Feb 18   132
11000 1911 Jun 7 Improved paper guide begins around #11000. 31,132
11500 1911 Jun 25 First Model G around #11500 31,132
12000 1911 Jul 7   132
12500 1911 Sept 21   132
13000 1911 Nov 11   132
13200 1912 Jan 1   2,6,31
13500 1912 Feb 7   132
14000 1912 Feb 13   132
14500 1912 Mar 30   132
15000 1912 May 9   132
15500 1912 Jun 17   132
16000 1912 Sept 3 Variable line spacer begins around #16000. 31,132
16500 1912 Sept 11   132
17000 1912 Oct 15   132
17500 1912 Nov 21 First Model H from around #17500. 31,132
18000 1912 Dec 2   132
18500 1912 Dec 24   132
18750 1913 Jan 1   2,6,31
19000 1913 Jan 29   132
19600 1913 Mar 11   132
20000 1913 Apr 4   132
21000 1913 Jul 18   132
22000 1913 Oct 7   132
22500 1913 Nov 13   132
23000 1913 Dec 8   132
23300 1914 Jan 1   2,6,31
23500 1914 Jan 14   132
24000 1914 Apr 1   132
25000 1914 May 11   132
27500 1915 Jan 1   2,6,31
28000 1915 Jul 1 Improved shift lock started around #28500. 2,6,31
30000 1915 Aug 11   132
33000 1915 Nov     132
34000 1916 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
36000 1916 Feb     132
39000 1916 Jul     132
40000 1916 Oct     132
44000 1916 Dec     132
44500 1917 Jan 1   31
45000 1917 Feb     132
47000 1917 Apr     132
49000 1917 May     132
50000 1917 Jun     132
52000 1917 Oct     132
54000 1918 Jan     31,132
56000 1918 Apr     132
58000 1918 Jun     132
60000 1918 Nov     132
61900 1919 Jan 1   2,6
65000 1919 Jul     132
67500 1920 Jan 1   31
70000 1920 Apr     132
71000 1920 May     132
72000 1920 Jun     132
73000 1920 Jul     31,132
74000 1920 Sept     132
75000 1920 Nov     132
76000 1920 Nov     132
77000 1921 Jan 1   31
78000 1921 Feb     132
79000 1921 Mar     132
79500 1921 Apr     132
80000 1921 May     132
80500 1921 July     31
81000 1921 Nov     132
82000 1922 Jan 1   31,132
83000 1922 Feb     132
84000 1922 Apr     132
84500 1922 May     132
85000 1922 Jul     31,132
85500 1922 Aug   First Model K from around #85500. 132
86000 1922 Nov     132
89000 1923 Jan 1   2,6
93000 1923 Apr     132
93500 1923 May     132
94000 1923 Jun     132
94500 1923 Jun     132
95000 1923 Aug 8   2,6,132
95500 1923 Aug     132
96000 1923 Oct     132
96500 1923 Nov     132
97000 1924 Jan 1 Rising scale began about 98000 2,6,31, 132
98000 1924 Feb     132
99000 1924 Apr     132
100000 1924 May     132
100500 1924 May     132
101000 1924 May     132
101500 1924 Jul     132
102000 1924 Jul     132
102500 1924 Jul     132
103000 1924 Aug     132
103500 1924 Sept     132
104000 1924 Sept     132
104500 1924 Oct     132
105000 1924 Nov     132
105500 1925 Jan     132
106000 1925 Feb     132
106500 1925 Feb     132
107000 1925 Mar     132
107500 1925 Mar     132
108000 1925 Apr     132
108500 1925 Apr     132
109000 1925 May     132
109500 1925 Jul     31,132
110000 1925 Aug     132
115000 1925 Oct     132
120000 1926 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
125000 1926 Mar     132
129000 1926 July     31
130000 1926 Aug     132
134000 1927 Jan 1   2,6,31
135000 1927 Jan     132
140000 1927 Jul     132
145000 1928 Feb     132
159000 1929 Jan 1   2,6
3000001 1929 Aug 1   2,6
3635000 1930 Jan 1 Top ribbon switch began about 3690000 2,6
3825000 1931 Jan 1   2,6
           

No. 3-11 • 11" carriage

No. 3-11: 84 Characters, same as No. 5 except with 11" carriage. First sold in 1927.
31
637000 1927 Jan     132
640000 1927 Feb     132
647000 1927 Mar     132
654000 1927 Apr     132
660000 1927 May     132
666000 1927 Jun     132
675000 1927 Jul     132
684000 1927 Aug     132
687000 1927 Sept     132
718000 1928 Jan     132
726000 1928 Feb     132
732000 1928 Mar     132
3000001 1929 Aug 1 Examples of #3-11" have been found with serials in the range of the other #3's and consistent with the #5's of 1930 and 1931, so it is assumed that the series jumped to 3 million along with the other #3's.  
3635000 1930 Jan 1 "Top ribbon switch"" began about 3690000  
3825000 1931 Jan 1    
           

No. 4 and No. 5 • all carriage sizes

   
  No. 4: 76 Characters, 10 1/2" regular carriage.
No. 5: 84 Characters, 10 1/2" regular carriage.
31
1 1900 June 28   31,132
100 1900 Dec     2,6
500 1901 Jan 30   31,132
1000 1901 Mar 14   2,6,132
3000 1901 Jun 14   132
5000 1901 Sept 4   132
8000 1901 Dec 19   132
8500 1902 Jan 1   31
8600 1902 Jan 7   132
10000 1902 Feb     2,6
14001 1902 May 29   132
22000 1903 Jan 1   31
23001 1903 Feb 9 Rack escapement below #38500, changed to Rotary escapement after #38500. 9,31,132
45000 1904 Jan 1   31
50000 1904 May     2,6
52000 1904 June 9   132
62000 1904 Nov 8   132
65000 1905 Jan 1   31
72000 1905 Apr 12   132
92000 1905 Oct 21   132
100000 1906 Jan 1   2,6,9, 31
102000 1906 Feb 6   132
122000 1906 Sept 7   132
132000 1906 Dec 11   132
135000 1907 Jan 1   31
142000 1907 Feb 23   132
150000 1907 April     2,6
152000 1907 May 4   132
162000 1907 July 15   132
172000 1907 Oct 2 Automatic ribbon reverse begins around #175000 31,132
180000 1908 Jan 1   31
182000 1908 Feb 3   132
192000 1908 Feb 25   132
200000 1908 May 27   2,6,132
205000 1908 Sept 17   132
210000 1908 Oct 5   132
215005 1908 Oct 21   132
220000 1908 Nov 4   132
225000 1908 Dec 17   132
227000 1909 Jan 1   31
230000 1909 Jan 19   132
235000 1909 Feb 18   132
245000 1909 May 11   132
247001 1909 May 21 Two-color bichrome ribbon and Backspacer begins around #247000. 2,6,31, 132
250000 1909 June 7   132
255000 1909 July 8   132
260000 1909 Aug 20 Improved paper feed begins around #260000 31,132
265000 1909 Sept 10   132
270000 1909 Nov 8   132
275000 1909 Nov 13   132
280000 1909 Nov 30   132
285000 1909 Dec 29   132
286000 1910 Jan     31
290000 1910 Jan 22   2,6,132
295000 1910 Feb 15   132
300000 1910 Mar 15   132
310000 1910 Apr 29   132
320000 1910 June 30   132
330000 1910 Aug 30   132
340000 1910 Oct 14   132
350000 1910 Nov 30 First Model G around #359000 31,132
355000 1911 Jan 1   31
360000 1911 Jan 22   2,6,132
370000 1911 Mar 29   132
380000 1911 Apr 21   132
390000 1911 June 1 Improved paper guide begins around #394000. 31,132
400000 1911 July 29   132
410000 1911 Sept 12   132
420000 1911 Oct 12   132
430000 1911 Nov 16   132
440000 1911 Dec 26   132
443000 1912 Jan 1   31
450000 1912 Jan 30   2,6,132
460000 1912 Feb 23   132
470000 1912 Mar 3   132
480000 1912 May 6   132
490000 1912 June 12   132
500000 1912 Sept 4   132
510000 1912 Sept 16 First Model H from around #517000. 31,132
520000 1912 Oct 2   132
530000 1912 Nov 3   132
545000 1913 Jan 1   31
550000 1913 Jan 8   2,6,132
560000 1913 Feb 11   132
570000 1913 Mar 10   132
580000 1913 Apr 21   132
590000 1913 May 15   132
600000 1913 Jul 15   132
610000 1913 Aug 29   132
620000 1913 Sept 15   132
630000 1913 Oct 16   132
640000 1913 Nov 19   132
650000 1913 Dec 23   132
650000 1914 Jan 15   2,6,132
660000 1914 Feb 15   132
670000 1914 Mar 15 Variable line spacer begins around #673000. 31,132
680000 1914 Mar 29   132
690000 1914 May 5   132
700000 1914 June 1   132
710000 1914 Aug 16   132
720000 1914 Oct 4   132
730000 1914 Nov 3   132
740000 1915 Jan 4   2,6,31, 132
750000 1915 Feb 2 Improved shift lock started around #758000. 31,132
760000 1915 Apr 3   132
770000 1915 May 5   132
780000 1915 June 30   132
790000 1915 Aug 20   132
800000 1915 Sept 25   132
810000 1915 Nov 20   132
820000 1915 Dec 15   132
830000 1915 Dec 30   132
830000 1916 Jan 1   31
830100 1916 Jan     2,6
840000 1916 Feb     132
850000 1916 Mar     132
860000 1916 Apr     132
870000 1916 May     132
880000 1916 July     132
890000 1916 Aug     132
900000 1916 Sept     132
910000 1916 Oct     132
920000 1916 Dec     132
930000 1916 Dec     132
940000 1917 Jan     2,6,31
945000 1917 Feb     132
950000 1917 Mar     132
960000 1917 Apr     132
970000 1917 May     132
980000 1917 June     132
985000 1917 June     132
990000 1917 July     132
1000000 1917 Aug     132
1010000 1917 Sept     132
1020000 1917 Oct     132
1035000 1917 Nov     132
1050000 1918 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
1060000 1918 Feb     132
1070000 1918 Mar     132
1080000 1918 Apr     132
1090000 1918 May     132
1100000 1918 Jun     132
1110000 1918 Jul     132
1120000 1918 Sept     132
1130000 1918 Oct     132
1140000 1918 Nov     132
1150000 1918 Dec     132
1160000 1919 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
1170000 1919 Feb     132
1180000 1919 Mar     132
1190000 1919 Apr     132
1200000 1919 May     132
1210000 1919 May     132
1220000 1919 Jun     132
1230000 1919 Jul     132
1240000 1919 Sept     132
1250000 1919 Oct     132
1260000 1919 Nov     132
1270000 1919 Dec     132
1280000 1920 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
1290000 1920 Feb     132
1300000 1920 Mar     132
1310000 1920 Apr     132
1320000 1920 Apr     132
1330000 1920 Apr     132
1340000 1920 May     132
1350000 1920 June     132
1360000 1920 June     132
1370000 1920 Jul     31,132
1380000 1920 Aug     132
1390000 1920 Sept     132
1400000 1920 Nov     132
1410000 1920 Nov     132
1420000 1920 Dec     132
1430000 1921 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
1440000 1921 Jan     132
1450000 1921 Mar     132
1460000 1921 Apr     132
1470000 1921 May     132
1475000 1921 Jun     132
1480000 1921 Jul     31,132
1485000 1921 Jul     132
1490000 1921 Aug     132
1495000 1921 Sept     132
1500000 1921 Sept     132
1505000 1921 Oct     132
1510000 1921 Nov     132
1520000 1921 Dec     132
1525000 1922 Jan 1   2,6,31, 132
1530000 1922 Feb     132
1550000 1922 Mar     132
1560000 1922 May     132
1570000 1922 Jun     132
1585000 1922 Jul     31,132
1590000 1922 Aug     132
1600000 1922 Sept   First Model K from around #1600000. 31,132
1620000 1922 Oct     132
1630000 1922 Nov     132
1640000 1922 Dec     132
1650000 1923 Jan     2,6,31, 132
1660000 1923 Feb     132
1670000 1923 Mar     132
1680000 1923 Apr     132
1690000 1923 May     132
1700000 1923 Jun     132
1710000 1923 Jul     31,132
1720000 1923 Aug   Wing scales rise with platen beginning around #1720000. 31,132
1730000 1923 Aug     132
1740000 1923 Sept     132
1750000 1923 Oct     132
1760000 1923 Nov     132
1770000 1923 Dec     132
1780000 1924 Jan     2,6,31, 132
1790000 1924 Feb     132
1815000 1924 Mar     132
1820000 1924 Apr     132
1830000 1924 May     132
1840000 1924 Jul     31,132
1850000 1924 Aug     132
1860000 1924 Sept     132
1870000 1924 Oct     132
1880000 1924 Oct     132
1890000 1924 Nov     132
1900000 1924 Dec     132
1910000 1925 Jan     2,6,31, 132
1920000 1925 Jan     132
1930000 1925 Feb     132
1940000 1925 Feb     132
1950000 1925 Mar     132
1960000 1925 Apr     132
1970000 1925 May     132
1980000 1925 Jun     132
1990000 1925 Jun     132
2000000 1925 Jul     31,132
2010000 1925 Aug     132
2020000 1925 Sept     132
2030000 1925 Oct     132
2040000 1925 Oct     132
2050000 1925 Nov     132
2060000 1925 Dec     132
2070000 1926 Jan     2,6,9, 31,132
2080000 1926 Feb     132
2090000 1926 Feb     132
2100000 1926 Mar     132
2110000 1926 Apr     132
2120000 1926 May     132
2130000 1926 Jun     132
2140000 1926 Jul     132
2150000 1926 Aug     132
2160000 1926 Sept     132
2170000 1926 Oct     132
2180000 1926 Nov     132
2190000 1926 Dec     132
2200000 1926 Dec     132
2210000 1926 Dec     132
2220000 1927 Jan     132
2230000 1927 Jan     132
2240000 1927 Feb     132
2250000 1927 Apr     132
2260000 1927 May     132
2270000 1927 May     132
2280000 1927 Aug     132
2290000 1927 Sept     132
2300000 1927 Sept     132
2310000 1927 Oct     132
2320000 1927 Nov     132
2330000 1927 Dec     132
2340000 1927 Dec     132
2350000 1928 Jan     132
2360000 1928 Feb     132
2370000 1928 Mar     132
2455000 1929 Jan     2,6,9
3633000 1930 Jan     2,6,9
3825000 1931       2,6
3880000 1932       2,6
3885000 1933       2,6
           

No. 6 and later

   
     
4011883 1931 Jun 1   2,6
4085000 1932 Jan 1   2,6,15
4130000 1933 Jan 1   2,6,15
4200000 1934 Jan 1   2,6,15
4300000 1935 Jan 1 "Champion" keyboard begins about #4330000, Marked "Champion" under space bar. 2,6,15, 30
4440000 1936 Jan 1   2,6,15
4610000 1937 Jan 1   2,6,15
4675000 1937 Jul 1   2,6
4747400       No. 6 ended 2,6
  1937 Oct   "M" for "Master" model started 2,6
4800000 1938 Jan 1   2,6,15
4840000 1938 Jul 1   2,6
4965000 1939 Jan 1   2,6,15
5065000 1939 Jul 1   2,6
5155000 1940 Jan 1   2,6,15
5210000 1940 Jul 1   2,6
5230828       "S" model started 2,6
5340000 1941 Jan 1   2,6,15
5400000 1941 Jul 1   2,6
5540000 1942 Jan 1   2,6
5645000 1942 Jul 1   2,6
5715000 1943 Jan 1   2,6
5775000 1945 Jul 1   2,6
5849000 1946 Jan 1   2,6,15
6000000 1946 May 1 "SS" model started 2,6
6010000 1946 Jul 1 "Rhythm Touch" begins about #6070000 2,6,15, 30
6124000 1947 Jan 1   2,6
6170000 1947 Jul 1   2,6
6310000 1948 Jan 1   2,6
6415000 1948 Jul 1   2,6
6530000 1949 Jan 1   2,6
6570000 1949 Jul 1   2,6
6638000 1950 Jan 1   2,6
6720000 1950 Jul 1   2,6
6814000 1951 Jan 1   2,6
6900000 1951 Jul 1   2,6
7010000 1952 Jan 1   2,6
7150000 1952 Jul 1   2,6
7270000 1953 Jan 1   2,6
7340000 1953 Jul 1 Oct. 1953: Model SX 150, SX 50 started (7500000) 2,6,24
7420000 1954 Jan 1   2,6
7600000 1955 Jan 1   20
7800000 1956 Jan 1   20
7950000 1957 Jan 1 "Touchmaster I" begins #8034244 20,30
8145000 1958 Jan 1   20
8248000 1959 Jan 1 "Touchmaster II" begins #8290001 20,30
8377000 1960 Jan 1 "Touchmaster V" begins #8512312 20,30
8595000 1961 Jan 1   20
8872000 1962 Jan 1   20
9134000 1963 Jan 1   20
9357000 1964 Jan 1   20
9540000 1965 Jan 1   20
9704000 1966 Jan 1   20
9848000 1967 Jan 1   20
9967000 1968 Jan 1   20
           

Fanfold Machines

Underwood Fanfold machines in "Business Equipment Topics, Volumes 29-31"  
     
up to 3880000 1931       15
3884000 1932       15
3896000 1933       15
4296000 1934       15
4440000 1935       15
4610000 1936       15
4800000 1937       15
4965000 1938       15
5155000 1939       15
5340000 1940       15
5562000 1941       15
5687000 1942       15
           

Noiseless Standards

   
     
N3600001 1929 Jul 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
  1929 Nov 14 First unit was put on market (not manufactured) 2,6
N3605806 1930 Jan 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
N3831583 1931 Jan 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
N3882689 1932 Jan 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
N3885821 1933 Jan 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
N3895848 1934 Jan 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
N3896634 1934 Nov 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
3924000 1935 Jan 1   2,6
3944000 1936 Jan 1   2,6
3966000 1937 Jan 1   2,6
4800000 1938 Jan 1   2,6
4965000 1939 Jan 1   2,6
N5155000 1940 Jan 1   2,6
N5340000 1941 Jan 1   2,6
N5563000 1942 Jan 1   2,6
N5690000 1943 Jan 1   2,6
N5766000 1944       15
  1945     World War II 2,6
5902168 1946   1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
5909999 1947 Jan 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
5928384 1948 Jan 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
N5937000 1949 Jan 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood 2,6
5938000 1950     Remington sold the last 5000 units of black finish Noiseless at termination of their contract. Underwood changed a few to grey finish. 2,6,15
5940000 1951       15
5942000 1952     Underwood sold about 1000 units to the Superior Typewriter Co. On a consignment basis at $100 per unit. Thus they closed out their stock of Noiseless machines. 2,6,15
           

Noiseless Portable

   
     
543150 1932 Feb 1 This model was manufactured by Remington for Underwood and is similar to the Remington "Noiseless 7" model 2,6
577890 1933 Jan 1   2,6,17,22,23
603000 1934 Jan 1   22,23
693000 1935 Jan 1 From 8-Oct-1935 both Underwood Noiseless Portable and Underwood Noiseless 77 in same serial numbers 17,22,23
790136 1936 Jan 1   2,6,17,22,23
844808 1937 Jan 1   2,6,17,22,23
967000 1938 Jan 1 On 01-Feb-1938 started using prefix letters "P" and "Q", "P" for Noiseless Portable, "Q" for Noiseless Portable 77 17,22,23
1110000 1939 Jan 1   22,23
1180000 1940 Jan 1   22,23
1284000 1941 Jan 1   17,22,23
1379000 1942 Jan 1   17,22,23
1442000 1943 Jan 1   22,23
No Production 1944     WW2 ceased production 17,22
No Production 1945     WW2 ceased production 17,22
No Production 1946     WW2 ceased production 17,22
1502099 1946 May 1   2,6
1514999 1947 Jan 1   2,6
1638997 1948 Jan 1   2,6
1639000 1948 Feb 1   2,6
           

Standard Electrics

  According to Source #22 & #24, Underwood Electrics are numbered in sequence with Standards, however, this appears to be slightly not true. Source #18 states that electrics ran in a slightly different sequence between 1947 and 1953, but there was a great deal of overlap. Sources #17 and 20 then show Electrics running the same serial number sequence as Standards after 1955, even though they are listed in separate lists.  
  1946     Underwood Electric first shown at New York Business Show in Oct. 1946. Some machines delivered in 1947. 18
up to 6199999 1947       18
6200000 1948       18
6515000 1949       18
6525000 1950       18
6680000 1951       18
7080000 1952       18
7270000 1953     New green keys started at 7275000. 18
  1954     In 1954 and beyond, Electrics ran in same serial # series as Standards. 17,18,20
           

Manual Portables

Portable 3-Bank

   
     
1 1919       31
195 1919 Nov     132
500 1920 Jan 1   31,132
1000 1920 May     132
5000 1920 Oct     132
6300 1921 Jan 1 Weight (in case) 9 3/4 lb. Dimensions of case: Height 5 1/2", Width 10", Length 12 1/4". 1,7,13, 24,31
10000 1921 Mar     132
15000 1921 Aug     132
20000 1921 Nov     132
25000 1921 Dec     132
26000 1922 Jan 1   31
30000 1922 Feb     132
35000 1922 Mar     132
40000 1922 May     132
45000 1922 Jul     132
50000 1922 Sept     132
55000 1922 Oct     132
60000 1922 Nov     132
65000 1923 Jan 1   31,132
70000 1923 Feb     132
75000 1923 Mar     132
80000 1923 May     132
85000 1923 Jun     132
90000 1923 Nov     132
95000 1923 Dec     132
100000 1924 Jan     31,132
105000 1924 Feb     132
110000 1924 Jul     132
115000 1924 Sept     132
120000 1924 Dec     132
130000 1925 Jan 1   31,132
135000 1925 Feb     132
140000 1925 Aug     132
145000 1925 Dec     132
150000 1926 Jan 1   31,132
155000 1926 Jan     132
160000 1926 Jan     132
165000 1926 Feb     132
170000 1926 Feb     132
175000 1926 Feb     132
180000 1926 Mar     132
187000 1926 Mar     132
189000 1926 Apr     132
190000 1926 Apr     132
191000 1926 May     132
192000 1926 May     132
195000 1926 Sept     132
195001-201000 1927       7,13,24
201001-207000 1928       7,13,24
207001-212500 1929     Production Ended in 1929, however serials above 215000 are known. It seems likely that sporadic production continued with surplus parts after 1929, as also occurred with Corona 3-Bank Portables for example. 7,13,24, 16
           

Portable 4-Bank

Serial Number Location: On right front flange or leg by which the machine is fastened to the case board. 31
  At least one example of Portable 4-Bank known with serial number in 17k range, which suggests that production actually started at serial #1, as was done with other Underwood series at the time. Marketing for 4-Bank appears to start in mid-1926, so it seems reasonable that manufacture could have begun earlier in 1926. This this case, the missing serials 1-17999 were probably made in 1926. If it were known that production started in 1925, those serials *could* be 1925, but right now I feel confident that 1-17999 (if they exist, and at least one does) are 1926. Underwood age list sources always round Underwood numbers to the nearest "thousands" anyway, so there's probably a double-fistful of leeway in every reported number. Grain of Salt & all that.  
1-18000-80000 1926     "B" Model (4-Bank) begins. Weight (in case) 13 1/2 lb. Dimensions of case: Height 5 1/2", Width 12", Length 12 1/8". 2,6,15, 17,18,23
80000-140000 1927     "A" Model (Ace) begins @#123,801 2,6,15, 17,18,23
140000-214000 1928       2,6,15, 17,18,23
214000-490000 1929       2,6,15, 17,18,23
490000-557000 1930     "B" Model ends @#500,000. "C" Model begins @#500,001. 2,6,15, 18,22,23
557000-570000 1931     "C" Model gains Double Feed Roll @#557,201. "D" Model begins @#568,001. 2,6,15, 18,22,23
570000-635000 1932     "C" Model ends @#623,000. First "E" Model begins @#590,001 but ends @#623,000 with second "C" model. "F" Model (Universal) begins @#623,001. 2,6,15, 18,22,23
635000-716000 1933     "D" Model ends @#695,000. New "E" model begins @#662,001. "G" Model (Champion) Begins @#695,001. 2,6,15, 18,22,23
716000-799000 1934       2,6,15, 18,22,23
799000-887000 1935       2,6,15, 18,22,23
887000-1043000 1936     "F" Model (Universal) ends @#1,000,000. "G" Model (Champion) ends @#1,000,000. New "F" Model (Typemaster Universal) begins @#1,000,001 and New "G" Model (Typemaster Champion) begins @#1,000,001. 2,6,15, 18,22,23
1043000-1120000 1937     "S" Model (Student) begins @#1,093,001 2,6,15, 18,22,23
1120000-1215000 1938     "S" Model (Student) ends @#1,216,501 2,6,15, 18,22,23
1215000-1311000 1939     "E" Model ends @#1,234,500. "L" Model (Leader) begins @#1,239,901. Model "Ace" found under serial prefix "S", possibly replacing "Student". 2,6,15, 18,22,23
1311000-1403000 1940     "E" Model is now known as "De Luxe Leader". 15,18,22, 23
1403000-1441000 1941       15,18,22, 23
1441000-? 1942       15,18,22,23
No Production 1943     WW2 ceased production 18,22
No Production 1944     WW2 ceased production 18,22
No Production 1945     WW2 ceased production 18,22
1550000-1660000 1946       18,22
1660000-1780000 1947       15,22
1780000-1890000 1948       15,22
1890000-2010000 1949     "J" Model (Finger Flite Champion) begins @#2,000,001. "K" Model (Finger Flite Universal) begins @#2,000,001. 15,22
2010000-2130000 1950       15,22
2130000-2250000 1951       15,22
2250000-2345000 1952     "L" Model (Improved Finger Flite) begins @#2,290,001. "R" Model (De Luxe) examples known. "M" Model (Correspondent) known. 15,22
2345000-2438000 1953       15,22
2438000-2560000 1954     "W" Model (Jewell) examples known. "Y" and "Z" prefix "Ace" Models known. "De Luxe" Model prefix changed to "A". 15,22
2560000-2684000 1955     "W" Model (Jewell) becomes "EA" Model (Jewell). "A", "AA" and "AB" Model "De Luxe" known. 15,22
2684000-2838000 1956     "De Luxe" Model known in "A" prefix and various combinations of "AA", "AB", etc. 15,22
2838000-2923000 1957     "DA" and "DC" prefix "Ace" Models known in 1957 and 1958. "BE" Model "Crest" known. 15,22
2923000-3006000 1958       15,22
3006000 and up 1959       15,22
           
  1959     In 1959, Underwood was acquired by Olivetti and became "Underwood-Olivetti" until 1963, when the merger completed and the names reversed to "Olivetti-Underwood". The brand "Underwood" still appeared on some portables made by Antares (as "Underwood Italiana S.p.A.") and Olivetti that replaced the older Underwood Portable designs in the product line.  
           

Model 18 Portable

Rebranding of Antares Compact.  
     
401120 to 412900 1960       2,6
412901 to 432000 1961       2,6
432001 to 470000 1962       2,6
470001 to 510000 1963       2,6
510001 to 582715 1964       6
582716 to 632828 1965       6
632829 and over 1966       6
           

Model 21 Portable

Olivetti Studio 44 with a new shell and name.  
     
00026 to 10100 1961       2,6
10101 to 18000 1962       2,6
           

Model 255 Portable

Silver-Seiko 700 series made in Japan for Olivetti's "Underwood" brand.  
     
  1976-??        

Underwood Typewriter: Links to History

Underwood Typewriter: Links to Guides

Underwood Typewriter Models: Underwood 1, Underwood 12, Underwood 140, Underwood 18, Underwood 19, Underwood 198, Underwood 2, Underwood 20, Underwood 21, Underwood 22, Underwood 255, Underwood 256, Underwood 3, Underwood 310, Underwood 314, Underwood 315, Underwood 319, Underwood 330, Underwood 378, Underwood 4, Underwood 4 Bank, Underwood 450, Underwood 46, Underwood 46 T, Underwood 478, Underwood 5, Underwood 6, Underwood Ace, Underwood All-Electric, Underwood Bookkeeping Machine, Underwood Champion, Underwood Correspondent, Underwood Crest, Underwood De Luxe, Underwood DeLuxe Leader, Underwood Documentor, Underwood Electric 555, Underwood Electric 565, Underwood Electric 565 CR, Underwood F, Underwood Finger Flite Champion, Underwood Finger Flite Universal, Underwood Finger-Flite Champion, Underwood Five, Underwood Forum, Underwood Golden Touch, Underwood Home Mark, Underwood Jewell, Underwood Junior, Underwood Leader, Underwood Master, Underwood No 5, Underwood Noiseless, Underwood Noiseless 77, Underwood Noiseless Portable, Underwood Noiseless Standard, Underwood Portable 3 Bank, Underwood Portable 4 Bank, Underwood Raphael, Underwood Rhythm Touch, Underwood Rhythm Writer, Underwood S, Underwood Scriptor, Underwood SS, Underwood Star, Underwood Student, Underwood SX, Underwood Touchmaster Five, Underwood Touchmaster II, Underwood Typemaster, Underwood Universal, Underwood Western Union Special


Reference numbers

* Indicates source data the current list maintainer has access to. Usually it means we have a copy of the document in question, but it might be in the form of a later edition list. However, for the purposes of validation we have been able to confirm the source.

   
No. Literature
1 * Century of the Typewriter, Wilfred A. Beeching, publ. by the British Typewriter Museum, 1974, 1990, ISBN 0951679007
2 * Joan Sales,"Date your Underwood Typewriter" - Website : http://www.oocities.org/heartland/cottage/5405/serial.htm, reference to Richard Polt
(note: The source for this article was at least partially Ref. #18)
3 Allowance Sheet 1918, made available by Andrew B. Schrader
4 Ernst Martin, Die Schreibmaschine und ihre Entwicklungsgeschichte(The Typewriter and the history of it's developement), publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag and Basten International, 1920 to 1949 and reprints
5 * Darryl Rehr, Antique typewriters, by Schroeder publishing, Los Angeles, 1997, ISBN 0891457577
see: http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/book/book.html
6 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Bruce Beard, Australia
(note: this reference same as #28)
7 * "Liste der Herstellungsdaten gangbarer Schreibmaschinen" Listing of the production dates of commen typewriters), publ. by Wochenschrift für Papier, Otto Hoffmann Verlag, 1941, Berlin, copies contributed by Mr. Paul Roberts, Netherlands. Current copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
8 * Richard Polt, adapted from the book of Paul Lippman, American Typewriters: A Collector's Encyclopedia (1992) and corrected, based on a list publ. in ETCetera #4
see: http://www.aquaporin4.com/etcetera/ETC.04.pdf
9 "Fabriknummernverzeichnis" (Factory number Listing), booklet which could be purchased optionally with book reference No. 4, edition 1941, publ. by Johannes Meyer Verlag, Pappenheim 1941
10 "Fabrikationsdaten von Schreibmaschinen", listing of typewriter serial numbers for dealer's, 1942 and 1935, publ. by Carl Teege Verlag, Hamburg
11 Ames Supply General Catalog from 1949
12 Information contributed by Will Davis, see : http://www.hometown.aol.com/page3.html
13 Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslaendischer Schreibmaschinen, 10 Auflage, 1955, publ. by Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg (small book, pre-owned by the Adler Werke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer, Frankfurt)
14 * Leonhard Dingwerth, Kleines Lexikon Historischer Schreibmaschinen (Small Lexicon of Historical Typewriters), publ. by Kunstgrafik Dingwerth, Eichendorffstr. 77, D-33415 Verl
15 * Office Typewriter Age List No. 26, publ. by Smith-Corona, by courtesy of Mr. Ron Fuller, Los Angeles, USA
(note: this reference same as #22)
16 * American Typewriters - A Collector's Encyclopedia by Paul Lippman, 1992, Hoboken
17 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1964, provided by Bill Wahl
18 * Remington Information Binder (The Sheridan Binder), 1950's to 1970's, provided by Richard Polt.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/09/07/in-preparation-for-an-updated-typewriter-serial-number-database-royal-portables/
19 * Interview with P. Birchmeier, Aug. 2012, reported by Georg Sommeregger.
see: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/theportabletypewriterforum/message/31895
20 * National Office Machine Dealers Assoc. "Blue Book" (NOMDA), 1980, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2011/04/22/national-office-machine-dealer-association-1972-typewriter-age-guide/
21 * VOSS Schreibmaschinen, 2012, published by Georg Sommeregger.
see: https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/VOSS.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_52.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_24_typewriter.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_klein_voss.html
https://www.sommeregger.name/typewriters/collection/voss_privat.html
22 * Smith-Corona Age List #26, 1960, provided by Bill M.
see: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/typewriter-serial-numbers.html
and: http://offountainpenstypewriters.blogspot.com/2012/02/moretypewriter-serial-numbers.html
23 * Shipman-Ward Office Machine Dealer's Line Book, Jan 1, 1954, provided by Bill Wahl.
see: http://munk.org/typecast/2013/01/05/shipman-ward-dealers-line-book-1954%E2%80%93part-2-age-lists/
24 * H.F.W. Schramm, Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und ausländischer Schreibmaschinen, 11th edition, Hans Burghagen Verlag, Hamburg 1962 - copy provided by Georg Sommeregger. Additional copy from the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
25 * P. Frensel, Die Entwicklung der ehemaligen DDR-Schreibmaschinen-Produktion (einschliesslich der bis 1945 produzierten Schreibmaschinen in diesem Gebiet sowie der Produktion ab 1990), in: Schreibmaschinen- und Bureau-Zeitung, Nr. 10/1999, Nr. 11/2000, Nr. 12/2000 (originally published in: Mannheimer Hefte für Schriftvergleich, Nr. 1-2/1999) - provided by Georg Sommeregger and later by Otto Koponen
"The development of the former GDR typewriter production (including typewriters produced on its territory until 1945 and production after 1990)"
26 * "The Writing Machine (A history of the typewriter)" Michael H. Adler
27 * "Antique Typewriters from Creed to QWERTY" Michael H. Adler
28 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Dec 1973 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies contributed by Mr. Peter Brill, Australia
(note: this reference same as #6)
29 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1971 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
30 * Typewriter Age Guide, publ. Oct 1980 by Office Machines and Equipment Federation, London, copies: T. Munk with the assistance of Mr. Rob Bowker, UK
31 * The Business Machines and Equipment Digest, publ. 1927 by Equipment-Research Corporation, copy contributed by Mark Adams.
see: http://type-writer.org/?p=2850
32 * R. Blickensderfer and P. Robert, "The Five-Pound Secretary. An Illustrated History of the Blickensderfer Typewriter", publ. 2003 by The Virtual Typewriter Museum, excerpt contributed by Georg Sommeregger.
33 * Matricolario Olivetti, copy contributed by Enrico Morozzi.
34 * Olivetti Graphika Serial Number List, compiled by Domenico Scarzello.
See: http://www.typewriterstory.com/index.php/ol-graphica
35 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1950. By Carl Teege, Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
36 * Liste der Herstellungsdaten deutscher und auslandischer Schreibmaschinen - 1953. Published by Hans Burghagen Verlag. From the collection of Ryk van Dijk, scanned by Marlies Louwes.
37 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, February 1, 1941. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
38 * Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict. Remington Standard typewriter. New York : Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict, [188-?], accessed from the Baker Library, Harvard Business School.
See: http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2574435
39 * Documented Hammond Serial Numbers, V.4 Jan. 1, 2013 through V.7 Jul 20, 2017, Compiled by Peter Weil.
40 * Blick Billheads With Serial Numbers, Compiled by Peter Weil.
41 * Olympia, USA "Allowance Sheet T-58" (approx 1977). From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
42 * IBM Typewriters Serial Numbers 1946 to 1977, Montreal Branch - IBM Canada Ltd. Contributed to Yahoo GolfBallTypewriterShop group by Jacques Coulombe.
43 * Xerox Factbook 1987
See: http://simson.net/ref/Xerox/
44 * IBM Selectric Adjustment & Parts Manual S241-5939-2
45 * Brother Service Update #31, June 20, 1985
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-datecodes-1.jpg
46 * Brother Letter #0203 (10/1979) "How to Determine In-Warranty Typewriters"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/brother-warranty-3.jpg
47 * Brother Service Manuals and Addendums 1974-1990 "The Edsel R. Sanders Collection"
See: http://munk.org/typecast/2014/05/06/a-brotherly-bonanza/
48 * National Typewriter and Office Machine Dealer's Association (NOMDA) Typewriter and Adding Machine Allowance Schedule, 1977. From the Collection of Tony Casillo, contributed by Richard Polt.
49 * Brother Group Corporate Profile, 2014
See: http://download.brother.com/pub/com/en/corporate/pdf/2014/broa4_3334_en.pdf
50 * Victor Standard Typewriters, By Will Davis
See: http://web.archive.org/web/20090830084402/http:/geocities.com/wbd641/Victor.html
51 * Die historische Entwicklung des Bet riebes Optima Erfurt (2008), by Eberhard Lippmann. Contributed by Vilhelm Dromberg
52 * Corona: The Personal Writing Machine, by S. L. Johnson
See: http://www.sljohnson.net/typewriter/corona.html
53 * Standard Folding Typewriter by Richard Milton
See: http://www.portabletypewriters.co.uk/portable_typewriters_standard_folding.htm
54 * Collect Folding Coronas, by Paul Lippman
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC004.pdf?page=4
55 * Smith-Corona Parts and Service Manuals (1947-1999) lent by Bill Wahl
56 * Europe - Oliver - SIM - MAS small typewriters, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/collection/OLIVER_SIM_MAS.html
57 * The Montana line of Hermes clones, by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=3598
58 * The Hermes Baby page!, by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/collection/hermes_baby.html
59 * American Digest of Business Machines, 1924. Contributed by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/ADBM1924.pdf
60 * "MTE-INV" Mesa Typewriter Exchange Stock Inventory Records 1950 to 1987. Contributed by Bill Wahl.
61 * "Mechanical Typewriters - Their History, Value, and Legacy" by Thomas A. Russo.
62 * "The IBM Model B typewriter" by IBM.
See: https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_intro.html
63 * "Remington Portables" by Richard Polt.
See: http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/rem-portables.htm
64 * "Moskva and Janalif Research" by Alex Sandler. (plus updates)
See: https://goo.gl/I5X12b, https://goo.gl/z0tSOq, https://goo.gl/4iq9Tz http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html, http://odtype.blogspot.com/2017/02/moskva-5-6-and-7-age-lists.html
65 * "Collector's Guide to Antique Typewriters" Dan Post, Post-Era Books, 1981.
66 * "The Unknown Writing Machine" Don Sutherland in The Antique Trader, 1978.
67 * "Don't Mind My Insanity: Updated Fox Serial Numbers" by Tyler Anderson.
See: https://wordsarewinged.blogspot.com/2016/06/dont-mind-my-insanity-updated-fox.html
68 * "A Very Good Year for Adler Favorit 2's" by Robert Godlieb.
See: http://badonoer.blogspot.com/2016/01/a-very-good-year-for-adler-favorit-2s.html
69 * "FBI Forgery by Typewriter: Re-Examining the Alger Hiss Case - How Did His 1927 Woodstock Become a 1929 Model?" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/fbi-forgery-by-typewriter-re-examining.html
70 * "The Littlest Typewriters: Bennett's Bantamweights" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/littlest-typewriters-bennetts.html
71 * "Re: [TYPEWRITERS] Bennett Typewriter on Yahoo Typewriter Forum" by Thomas Furtig.
72 * "Sabb Schreibmaschine" by Georg Sommeregger.
See: http://www.typewriters.ch/blog/2016/06/sabb-schreibmaschine/
73 * "Discovering the Studio Musicwriter" by Theodore Munk.
See: Etcetera #109 (link when available)
74 * "The Story of the Typewriter 1873-1923" Herkimer County Historical Society, 1923.
75 * "The Early History of the Typewriter" by Chas. E Weller (1918).
76 * "Old Typewriters" by Duncan James (Shire, 1993).
77 * "Williams Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson, 2016.
78 * "The History of the Typewriter" by Geo. Charles Mares (Gilbert Pitman, London, 1909).
79 * "Emerson Typewriter Research" by Tyler Anderson & Peter Weil, 2016.
80 * "The Emerson: The Enigma of Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-emerson-enigma-of-typewriters.html
81 * "A History of the Three-Row 'WILLIAMS' Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in Historische Bürowelt No. 21 April 1988, and No. 22 July 1988.
82 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 50-52 1922" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
83 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 6-7 1907" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
84 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 38-40 1918" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
85 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 41 1919" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
86 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 29-32 1915" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
87 * "The Victor Standard Typewriter" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-victor-standard-typewriter.html
88 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Trying to Unravel the Victor Mystery" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/11/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_6.html
89 * "The Franklin Typewriters" by Richard E. Dickerson in ETCetera #1 October, 1987.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC001.pdf
90 * "On This Day in Typewriter History (CVI)" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2011/09/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history-cvi.html
91 * "the Garbell Portable Typewriter" by The Garbell family.
See: http://www.garbell.com/GarbellTypewriter.html
92 * "Garbell Typewriter" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/#!garbell-typewriter/us0eg
93 * "Fox Visible Typewriters - An Overview " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-visible-typewriters-overview.html
94 * "Fox Portable Typewriters and the Demise of Fox Typewriter Company " by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/08/fox-portable-typewriters-and-demise-of.html
95 * "The American Stationer" 1906.
96 * "The American Stationer" 1907.
97 * "Franklin Typewriter Ephemera" collected by Peter Weil, 2016.
98 * "A Bennington Letter" collected by Martin Howard.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC082.pdf
99 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 6, 1921.
100 * "Filing & Office Management Magazine" Volume 7-8, 1922.
101 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 35-37 1917" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
102 * "Typewriter Topics: Vol. 44-46 1920" by The International Office Equipment Magazine.
103 * "On This Day in Typewriter History: Unearthing the Molle" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/01/on-this-day-in-typewriter-history_9569.html
104 * "It's pronounced 'Mollie'" by Mark Adams.
See: http://type-writer.org/?p=4230
105 * "The Iron Age, Volume 79 - 1907".
106 * "Office Appliances Volume 36 - July 1922".
107 * "Office Appliances Volume 34 - July 1921".
108 * "The American Pocket Typewriter and Wellington Parker Kidder's Rochester" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2014/07/the-american-pocket-typewriter-and.html
109 * "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Details - The early days of the Noiseless Typewriter" by Ed Neuert.
See: http://etconline.org/backissues/ETC081.pdf
110 * "The Merritt" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2016/09/merritt.html
111 * "Yatran The Heaviest" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/09/yatran-heaviest.html
112 * "Moskva 3 and 4 age lists as of 10-2016" by Alex Sandler.
See: http://odtype.blogspot.com/2016/10/moskva-3-and-4-age-lists-as-of-ix2016.html
113 * "Portable Typewriters Today - February 2015" by Will Davis.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/02/portable-typewriters-today-february-2015.html
114 * "The Early Bar-Lock" and "Bar-Lock Typewriters - Models 4 to 15" by Bert Kerschbaumer.
See: ETCetera #98 & #114
115 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #10 - March, 1960".
116 * "AMES Supply Parts Catalog #11P - Feb., 1965".
117 * "The Amazing Masspro Portable Typewriter: 'Grandson' of the Standard Folding" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-amazing-maspro-portable-typewriter.html
118 * "Masspro Typewriter Page" by Greg Fudacz.
See: http://www.antikeychop.com/masspro-typewriter
119 * "Carl P. Dietz Collection of Typewriters", by George Herrl, 1965.
120 * "Royal Paint Touch-Up Color List", Rev. June, 1968.
121 * "Olympia SM series (part 1, 1948-1964)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/02/olympia-sm-series-part-1-1948-1964.html
122 * "Olympia SM series (part 2, 1964-1980s)" by Nick T.
See: http://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/04/olympia-sm-series-part-2-1964-1980s.html
123 * "AMES Supply General Catalog #5 - August, 1940".
124 * "1975 Smith-Corona Model Prefix Guide", Discovered by Jonathan Kinser from Smith-Corona research.
125 * "Evolution of the Typewriter", C. V. Oden, 1917.
126 * "1912-1923 The Origins and Evolution of the Typewriter" Various Authors.
127 * "The Swedish Densmore Typewriter" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-swedish-densmore-typewriter.html
128 * "All or Nakajima" by Steve K.
See: https://etzone.org/2017/06/17/all-or-nakajima
129 * Smith-Corona Series Estimates researched by Nick Bodemer, 2017
130 * Research by Peter Weil, and ephemera from The Cornelia and Peter Weil Typewriter Archives
131 * 1963 Hermes Baby Adjustment Manual B3, from the collection of T. Munk
132 * Underwood Age List, from the collection of Tony Casillo
See: http://www.typewritercollector.com/images/underwoodagelist.pdf
133 * 1966 & 1971 Hermes 3000 Adjustment Manuals G4,G6 & 1971, from the collection of Jacques Perrier, Museum of the Typewriter, Lausanne, Switzerland
See: https://www.perrier-sa.ch/musee/boutique/
134 * "Korean Typewriters" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/01/korean-typewriters.html
135 * 1985 IBM Replacement Guide Form 71K6222, supplied by Clark Hinson from the collection of Roger Brockevelt
136 * "Blickensderfer’s last hurrah as a Remington" by Mark Adams.
See: https://type-writer.org/?p=4294
137 * Blickensderfer Research by Peter Weil, 2017
138 * Etcetera #106-107
139 * "Briefly Blick-Bar" by Robert Messenger.
See: http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2016/01/briefly-blick-bar.html
140 "Lexikon historischer Schreibmaschinen seit 1940" (Typewriter Lexikon since 1940) published 2008 by Leonhard Dingwerth.
141 * "Olivetti macchine per scrivere meccaniche" published 2013 by Carlo Torchio.
From the collection of Carl Hartmann via Mario Bellini
142 * "The ABC in Detail" by Will Davis and Thomas Fürtig.
See: http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/search?q=abc+in+detail
143 * "The Real Story of the Brosette Typewriter and its successor the Jaykay Portable" by Michael A. Brown.
See: http://typexnews.com/links/Brosette.pdf
144 * "A Royal Safari at Eighteen Years on the Net" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-royal-safari-at-eighteen-years-on-net.html
145 "The typewriter industry, The impact of a significant technological innovation" 1970 doctoral dissertation by George Nichols Engler, UCLA.
See: https://archive.org/details/TheTypewriterIndustry
146 * Research by Ian Brumfield
147 * Typewriter pages from Sears Catalogs: 1900-1985 From the collections of Alan Seaver (mostly), Nick Bodemer and T. Munk.
148 * "Ten Most Wanted Typewriters" by Richard Polt.
See: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-10mw.html
149 * Messa Research by Carl Hartmann.
150 * "The Dawn of the Lettera 22" by John Cooper.
See: https://atypeofmadness.com/2019/02/12/the-dawn-of-the-lettera-22
151 * "Litton Drags its Caravan Through the Typewriter Desert" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2019/03/litton-drags-its-caravan-through.html
152 * "Typewriter review: 2019 Royal Classic" by Richard Polt.
See: https://writingball.blogspot.com/2019/03/typewriter-review-2019-royal-classic.html
153 * "GENERATION 3000" by Will Davis.
See: http://www.willdavis.org/Generation3000.html
154 * "Everything New in Portable Typewriters is Old Again" by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2013/12/everything-new-in-portable-typewriters.html
155 * "Pretentious Self-Indulgence, and Also Some Pretty Big Breakthroughs" by Ian Brumfield.
See: http://dailyclipper.retroid.xyz/2019/07/16/pretentious-self-indulgence-and-also-some-pretty-big-breakthroughs
156 "1965-1969 Royal Line Catalog" from the collection of Ian Brumfield.
157 * "Harris Visible, Rex Visible, Demountable; Name variants; Vim Visible" by Will Davis.
See: https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/01/harris-visible-rex-visible-demountable.html
158 * "1973 NOMDA Blue Book" by National Office Machine Dealers Association.
159 * "Olympia Engineering Bulletin General-3" by ITC, Jan 1, 1969.
160 * "IDENTIFYING AND DATING ANTIQUE CALIGRAPH WRITING MACHINES Nos. 1-4" by Al Sumrall.
See: https://oldhoodooblog.wordpress.com/2020/03/20/identifying-and-dating-antique-caligraph-writing-machines-typewriters-nos-1-4/
161 * "Some Type Writers - Their Origin and Uses" By J. B. Huling in Scientific American #575 - January 8, 1887.
162 * "Typewriter, A Celebration of the Ultimate Writing Machine" by Paul Robert and Peter Weil, 2016.
163 * "The Caligraph Publications" by Paul Robert.
164 * "Magic, Maligners and Malfunctions. Part IV – the Waverley, Maskelyne, Rapid, Salter and Many More." by Robert Messenger.
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2020/07/magic-maligners-and-malfunctions-part.html
165 * "Burroughs Adding Machine Company - Typewriters"
See: http://www.burroughsinfo.com/typewriters.html
166 * "Hall Typewriter Serial Numbers" by Al Sumrall
167 * LC Smith and Corona Service Bulletins (1939-1954) From the collection of T. Munk
168 * "Research on Halberg" by Theo Verkerk
See: https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157289533199678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157248994634678/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/permalink/10157259808104678/
169 * Royal Royalite Parts Manuals 1955-1965 From the collection of T. Munk
170 * "FRISTER & ROSSMANN TYPEWRITERS"
See: https://www.fiddlebase.com/frister-rossmann/f-r-typewriters/
171 * Dial-a-Ribbon & Typing by Numbers
See: https://etzone.org/2022/05/05/dial-a-ribbon-typing-by-numbers
172 * etzone - a summary of Sharp's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/sharp-2/
173 * etzone - a summary of Canon's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/canon/
174 * etzone - a summary of Nakajima All's electronic daisy wheel models
See: https://etzone.org/nakajima-all/
175 * "Nakajima Model 800 Typewriter: The most surprising machine of ALL" by Robert Messenger
See: https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2012/07/nakajima-model-800-typewriter-most.html
176 * Établissements Japy Frères, Historique et technologie des machines à écrire, [1946]
From the collection of Georg Sommeregger